Part 10

Question 0

What are the properties of language?

Answer 0

formal - form/structure (topography) of verbal response

functional - causes of the response

Question 1

What type of behavior is involved in most socially-significant aspects of human behavior?

Answer 1

verbal behavior

Question 2

What can be measured for topography of verbal behavior?

Answer 2

phonemes, morphemes, lexicon, syntax, grammar, semantics

Question 3

What are 3 theories of language?

Answer 3

biological, cognitive, environment

Question 4

What is verbal behavior?

Answer 4

behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior; defined by the function (not the form) of the response

Question 5

Who is the speaker vs. the listener?

Answer 5

speaker gains reinforcement through listener’s behavior; listener is an audience with respect to functioning as an SD; listener and speaker can be both parties

Question 6

What is the unit of analysis of verbal behavior?

Answer 6

functional relation between a type of responding and the same independent variables that control nonverbal behavior (verbal operant; verbal repertoire)

Question 7

What are the 6 elementary verbal operants?

Answer 7

mand, tact, echoic, intraverbal, textual, transcription

Question 8

What is a mand?

Answer 8

verbal operant for which form of response is under functional control of MOs and specific reinforcers; first verbal operant acquired by a child

Question 9

What is a tact?

Answer 9

verbal operant in which speaker names things she has direct contact with through any sense mode; verbal operant under functional control of nonverbal SD, produces GCSR; can be nouns, verbs, preopositions, adjectives, or adverbs

Question 10

What is an echoic?

Answer 10

speaker repeats verbal behavior of another speaker; controlled by verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response; produces GCSR; sign language can have same properties; copying a text can be considered echoic

Question 11

What is an intraverbal?

Answer 11

speaker differentially responds to verbal behavior of others; produces GCSR; verbal SD evokes a verbal response without point-to-point correspondence

Question 12

What is textual behavior?

Answer 12

reading (comprehension irrelevant) point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity

Question 13

What is transcription?

Answer 13

writing/spelling words that are spoken; point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity

Question 14

What are tact extensions?

Answer 14

stimulus control may lead novel stimuli with similarities to evoke response; can be generic, metaphorical, metonymical, or solistic

Question 15

What controls a significant amount of day-to-day verbal behaviors?

Answer 15

private events

Question 16

How can private events be shared?

Answer 16

• public accompaniments: observable stimuli accompany private stimulus
• collateral responses: observable behavior reliably occurring with private stimulus
• common properties: metaphors used to describe internal states (e.g., depressed, ebullient)
• response reduction: descriptions from memory without actually completing response

Question 17

What is convergent multiple control?

Answer 17

occurrence of a single verbal response is a function of more than one variable

Question 18

What is divergent multiple control?

Answer 18

single word evokes a variety of intraverbal responses from different individuals and from same individuals on different occasions

Question 19

What is an autoclitic?

Answer 19

speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as SD or MO for additional speaker behavior

Question 20

What are applications of verbal behavior?

Answer 20

language assessment, language intervention, mand/tact/inraverbal/echoic training; verbal behavior training involves pairing MOs with other antecedents then fading out all but the desired SD for that verbal operant (transfer of stimulus control)

Question 21

Which are the thematic verbal operants?

Answer 21

mand, tact, intraverbal

Question 22

Which are the formal verbal operants?

Answer 22

echoic (sign/copying text), textual, transcription

Question 23

What are impure tacts?

Answer 23

MO shares control with a nonverbal stimulus