Part 10 Flashcards
What are the properties of language?
formal - form/structure (topography) of verbal response
functional - causes of the response
What type of behavior is involved in most socially-significant aspects of human behavior?
verbal behavior
What can be measured for topography of verbal behavior?
phonemes, morphemes, lexicon, syntax, grammar, semantics
What are 3 theories of language?
biological, cognitive, environment
What is verbal behavior?
behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior; defined by the function (not the form) of the response
Who is the speaker vs. the listener?
speaker gains reinforcement through listener’s behavior; listener is an audience with respect to functioning as an SD; listener and speaker can be both parties
What is the unit of analysis of verbal behavior?
functional relation between a type of responding and the same independent variables that control nonverbal behavior (verbal operant; verbal repertoire)
What are the 6 elementary verbal operants?
mand, tact, echoic, intraverbal, textual, transcription
What is a mand?
verbal operant for which form of response is under functional control of MOs and specific reinforcers; first verbal operant acquired by a child
What is a tact?
verbal operant in which speaker names things she has direct contact with through any sense mode; verbal operant under functional control of nonverbal SD, produces GCSR; can be nouns, verbs, preopositions, adjectives, or adverbs
What is an echoic?
speaker repeats verbal behavior of another speaker; controlled by verbal SD that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response; produces GCSR; sign language can have same properties; copying a text can be considered echoic
What is an intraverbal?
speaker differentially responds to verbal behavior of others; produces GCSR; verbal SD evokes a verbal response without point-to-point correspondence
What is textual behavior?
reading (comprehension irrelevant) point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity
What is transcription?
writing/spelling words that are spoken; point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity
What are tact extensions?
stimulus control may lead novel stimuli with similarities to evoke response; can be generic, metaphorical, metonymical, or solistic
What controls a significant amount of day-to-day verbal behaviors?
private events
How can private events be shared?
- public accompaniments: observable stimuli accompany private stimulus
- collateral responses: observable behavior reliably occurring with private stimulus
- common properties: metaphors used to describe internal states (e.g., depressed, ebullient)
- response reduction: descriptions from memory without actually completing response
What is convergent multiple control?
occurrence of a single verbal response is a function of more than one variable
What is divergent multiple control?
single word evokes a variety of intraverbal responses from different individuals and from same individuals on different occasions
What is an autoclitic?
speaker’s own verbal behavior functions as SD or MO for additional speaker behavior
What are applications of verbal behavior?
language assessment, language intervention, mand/tact/inraverbal/echoic training; verbal behavior training involves pairing MOs with other antecedents then fading out all but the desired SD for that verbal operant (transfer of stimulus control)
Which are the thematic verbal operants?
mand, tact, intraverbal
Which are the formal verbal operants?
echoic (sign/copying text), textual, transcription
What are impure tacts?
MO shares control with a nonverbal stimulus
