Part 2 stroke Flashcards
No oxygen
2 ATPs per glucose
anaerobic metabolism of glucose
_____________metabolism of glucose
Aerobic=uses O2
in mitochondria
30-32 ATPs per glucose
aerobic
Why is brain susceptible to ischemia?
High metabolic demand—>High ______demand
The brain uses 20% of the body oxygen and glucose (despite being only 2% of body weight)
Neurons rely almost entirely on aerobic metabolism for ATP production
2)lack of _________
there’s minimal energy storage in the brain-no glycogen stores in neurons, unlike muscles or liver the brain cannot rely on anaerobic metabolism for long.
After blood flow stops, ATP levels drop rapidly (within minutes, leading to ion pump failure, depolarization, and cell damage)
3)Excitatatory (________ and ________ toxicity)
4)selective vulnerability (certain brain regions are especially vulnerable to ischemia)
High O2 demand
energy reserve
(Ca2+ and glutamatate toxicity)
Time to irreversible damage is within ________minutes in ischemic stroke to brain
5 minutes
3 major cerebral arteries: middle, anterior, and posterior
Two types of stroke: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic stroke
___________
most common
__________of blood flow
Thrombus or embolus
ASCVD
Blockage of blood flow
Hemorrhagic stroke
less common
__________bleeding
Aneurysm and rupture
Intracranial
Diagnosis of stroke with Imaging–> CT, ________
MRI
CT scan only detects changes 12-48 hr post-ischemic stroke
________can detect changes earlier in ischemic stroke
MRI
Types of hemorrhagic stroke: Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage
____________: bleeding within the brain tissue itself (parenchyma)
intracerebral hemorrhage
____________:bleeding into the space between the brain and the thin membranes(meninges) that cover it
subarachnoid hemorrhage
__________is very good at detecting hemorrhagic stroke
CT scan
Brain regions supplied by major cerebral arteries
Symptoms of stroke
________in face, arm, or leg
trouble __________and understanding others (almost 40% of people with stroke experience some language problems post-stroke)
trouble seeing in one or both eyes
dizziness, loss of balance or coordination (blockage of blood supply to cerebellum)
cerebellum–>major coordinator of your movements
severe ___________with no known cause
often associated with hemorrhagic stroke
numbness
speaking
headache
