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Anti Aging Medicine Boards > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the major inflammatory mediators?

A

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes

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1
Q

True or false. Nearly all diseases have an inflammatory component

A

True

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2
Q

What effect do prostaglandins have on blood vessels?

A

They encourage blood vessel dilation

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3
Q

Where do series 1 prostaglandins come from?

A

Dihomo Gamma linolenic acid (DGLA) from omega 6

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4
Q

Where do Series 3 prostaglandins come from?

A

Eicosa pentanoic acid (EPA) from omega-3

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5
Q

What effect do leukotrienes have on inflammation?

A

They determine the extent of the inflammatory response

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6
Q

What pathway do leukotrienes come from?

A

Series 2 prostaglandins via arachidonic acid (omega six fatty acid)

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7
Q

What major function does NF kappa beta have?

A

It controls the transcription of DNA

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8
Q

What stimulates NF kappa beta?

A

Oxidative stress. NF kappa beta then causes the release of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha

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9
Q

What does air with increased fine particulate matter do in the short-term?

A

Increases stroke

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10
Q

What does air with increased fine particulate matter do in the long-term?

A

Increased cognitive decline in the elderly

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11
Q

What six things increase health costs via climate related events?

A

Ozone pollution, heat waves, hurricanes, infectious disease outbreaks, river flooding and wildfires

Pneumonic: obese holy hats infect ravenous pigs

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12
Q

What do increased temperatures do to susceptible elderly patients?

A

Increase death

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13
Q

1°C increase in temperature in COPD equals what percentage increase in mortality?

A

3.7%

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14
Q

1°C increase in temperature in heart failure results in what percentage increase in mortality?

A

2.8%

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15
Q

O2 reduced to —–> H2O =

A

ATP + Heat which releases 4 free radicals: super oxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitrogen oxide and hydroxyl radical

Pneumonic: nudists swirl heightened hairs

16
Q

Free radical production is needed for cellular function but what happens if mitochondrial function is poor?

A

Free radicals increase which damages cell structures and protein which leads to decreased cellular function

17
Q

In healthy 20-year-olds what percent of resting energy is from fat?

A

75%

18
Q

In early-onset mitochondrial dysfunction what percentage of resting energy is from fat?

A

20%

19
Q

12 Factors that lead to EOMD

A

1) Dec lipolysis
2) Dec FA metabolism
3) Nutritional deficiencies
4) Stress
5) Sleep deprivation
6) Hormone deficiencies
7) Drugs, toxicity and infections
8) Hypoxia
9) Decreased methylation
10) Ischemia
11) Inflammation
12) Hypoglycemia

20
Q

What are the 6 hormonal factors that increase lipolysis?

A

T3, epi, testosterone, DHEA, HGH and hydrocortisone

21
Q

What are the 2 hormonal factors that decrease lipolysis?

A

Insulin and estradiol

22
Q

10 Treatments for decreased lipolysis

A

Decrease carbs, increase omega-3 fatty acids, chromium, lipoic acid, niacin, berberine, metformin, weight-loss, progesterone replacement and exercise

23
Q

Transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria is dependent on what?

A

T3 and Carnitine. Low intensity exercise also helps increase FA metabolism

24
Q

Beta oxidation requires what three things?

A

1) NAD from niacin (B3)
2) FAD from riboflavin (B2)
3) Acetyl CoA from thiamine (B1), lipoic acid and pyruvate

25
Q

What are the 7 drugs that can decrease mitochondrial function?

A

Statins, beta blockers, SSRIs, retroviral medications, NSAIDs, cocaine and azides (HCTZ)

26
Q

Methionine is recycled via what three things?

A

Folic acid + ATP + B 12

27
Q

What are methyl groups needed for?

A

Neurotransmitter function, detoxification and mitochondrial energy production

28
Q

What metal can impair methylation?

A

Mercury

29
Q

What supplements help decrease generalized inflammation?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, boswellia and ginger

30
Q

Mouse study: mice with the best resting mitochondrial function had what percentage longer lifespan compared to those in the lowest quartile?

A

36% better

31
Q

The difference in male and female longevity may be related to what?

A

Maternal transmission of mitochondrial genomes

Anti Aging Medicine Boards (10 decks)

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