Parkinson’s Disease

Question 1

What is patho of Parkinson’s?

Answer 1

is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. This loss leads to an imbalance in the neurotransmitter dopamine, which is crucial for motor control

Patho is also known as a movement disorder.

Question 2

What are some risk factors for Parkinson’s?

Answer 2

• Genetics
• Environmental factors (toxins, pesticides, and herbicides exposure)
• Increased age
• Repeated blows to the head
• More common in men than women

These factors can contribute to the development of the disorder.

Question 3

Where in the body can Parkinson’s be found?

Answer 3

In the brain, specifically the nerve cells in the basal ganglia.

The basal ganglia are critical for movement control.

Question 4

What are common signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s?

Answer 4

• Tremors
• Slowed movements
• Rigid muscles
• Poor posture and balance
• Loss of autonomic movements
• Speech changes
• Writing challenges
• Non-motor symptoms (depression, anxiety, sleep issues)

Patients often present with a mask-like expression and pill rolling tremors.

Question 5

How can Parkinson’s be diagnosed?

Answer 5

No specific test for patho; cerebrospinal fluid analysis via LP and imaging tests like SPECT or MRI may be used.

Patho causes an imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine.

Question 6

What complications can arise from Parkinson’s?

Answer 6

• Difficulty swallowing
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Increased risks for dementia
• Sleep disorders
• Bladder and bowel issues
• Dyskinesia
• Impaired smell
• Reduced sex drive

These complications can severely affect quality of life.

Question 7

What are some treatment options for Parkinson’s?

Answer 7

• Dopamine agonists
• MAO-B inhibitors
• Antivirals
• Anticholinergics
• Combination drugs

The most common drug prescribed is carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet).

Question 8

What is the function of dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s treatment?

Answer 8

They stimulate receptors in the brain.

This helps to alleviate symptoms related to dopamine deficiency.

Question 9

What should be avoided when taking MAO-B inhibitors?

Answer 9

Foods with tyramine, such as aged cheeses, cured foods, and smoked sausages.

Tyramine can cause hypertensive crises when combined with MAO-B inhibitors.

Question 10

What are potential side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 10

• Blurred vision
• Constipation
• Decreased sweating
• Dry mucous membranes
• Dehydration
• Dizziness

These side effects can impact daily functioning and should be monitored.