Meningitis Flashcards
What is meningitis?
An infection of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, specifically the pia mater and arachnoid.
There are viral and bacterial types.
What are some risk factors for meningitis?
A recent viral illness such as enterovirus, herpes, varicella, mumps or HIV.
* Age
* Decreased immune system
* Recent infections
* Recent head surgeries
Bacterial meningitis can be influenced by these factors.
Where can meningitis be found in the body?
In the pia mater or arachnoid, throughout the brain and spinal cord. Usually found on neuro floors.
These locations are critical for understanding its impact.
What are common signs and symptoms of meningitis?
Fever, headache, photophobia, increased ICP, nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig’s and Babinski’s signs, decreased mental status, focal neurological defects, nausea/vomiting.
Bacterial meningitis tends to have more severe symptoms than viral.
What diagnostics can be used to detect meningitis?
Lumbar puncture to evaluate CSF, CT scans, x-rays, blood cultures, lab work such as CBC or PCR gene testing.
These tests help confirm the presence of meningitis.
What are potential complications of meningitis?
Sepsis, seizures, SIADH, SIRS, brain damage, hydrocephalus, stroke, coma, paralysis, hearing loss.
These complications can significantly affect patient outcomes.
What are the treatment options for meningitis?
Broad spectrum antibiotics until cultures return, hyperosmolar agents (such as mannitol), anticonvulsants, steroids, vaccinations (preventative), non-pharmacological measures to reduce increased ICP.
Treatment varies based on the type of meningitis.
Fill in the blank: Meningitis can be caused by _______ types.
[viral and bacterial]
True or False: Bacterial meningitis usually has milder symptoms than viral meningitis.
False
Bacterial meningitis tends to have more severe symptoms.
What is the role of a lumbar puncture in diagnosing meningitis?
To evaluate CSF.
This procedure is essential for confirming the diagnosis.
What is increased ICP in the context of meningitis?
Increased intracranial pressure, a common symptom.
It can lead to serious complications if not managed.
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
True or False: Meningitis can be caused by both bacteria and viruses.
True
What are common symptoms of meningitis?
Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, and sensitivity to light.
What initial nursing intervention should be performed for a patient suspected of having meningitis?
Obtain a thorough patient history and perform a physical assessment.
Fill in the blank: Patients with meningitis may require _______ isolation precautions.
droplet
What is the purpose of administering antibiotics in bacterial meningitis?
To treat the infection and prevent complications.
Which vital sign is crucial to monitor closely in a patient with meningitis?
Temperature
What is the significance of a lumbar puncture in diagnosing meningitis?
It allows for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid to determine the cause of meningitis.
True or False: Corticosteroids may be administered to reduce inflammation in meningitis.
True
What should a nurse educate the family about regarding meningitis transmission?
Meningitis can be contagious, and good hygiene practices should be maintained.
What are some nursing interventions to manage headache in meningitis patients?
Administer prescribed analgesics and create a quiet environment.
Fill in the blank: Patients with meningitis often experience _______ sensitivity.
light
What is the role of monitoring neurological status in meningitis patients?
To detect any changes that may indicate complications such as increased intracranial pressure.
What types of fluids may be administered to a patient with meningitis?
IV fluids, often isotonic solutions.
True or False: A rash is a common symptom of viral meningitis.
True
What is the recommended position for a patient with meningitis experiencing neck stiffness?
Keep the patient in a comfortable position, often with the head slightly elevated.
What laboratory test is essential for diagnosing meningitis?
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
What is the importance of immunization in preventing meningitis?
Vaccines can protect against certain types of bacterial meningitis.
Which patient population is at higher risk for meningitis?
Infants and young children.
What should nurses monitor for in patients receiving antibiotics for meningitis?
Signs of allergic reactions and effectiveness of treatment.
Fill in the blank: _______ is a potential complication of meningitis that requires immediate attention.
Seizures
What is the recommended nursing intervention for managing fever in meningitis patients?
Administer antipyretics as prescribed and monitor temperature regularly.
True or False: All patients with meningitis require hospitalization.
True
What should be included in discharge instructions for a patient recovering from meningitis?
Follow-up appointments and signs of potential complications.
What is one of the first actions taken if a patient shows signs of increased intracranial pressure?
Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
True or False: Meningitis can be prevented through vaccination.
True
