Parkinson's/ADHD

Question 1

Levodopa

Answer 1

Dopamine precursor; orally

Question 2

Carbidopa

Answer 2

Given w/Levodopa to lessen side effects peripherally (does not cross BBB)

Question 3

Bromocriptine

Answer 3

Ergot derivative, D2 agonist, D1 antagonist; hyperprolacrtinemia

Question 4

Pramipexole

Answer 4

non-ergot D2 agonist, mild parkinson’s, RLS

Question 5

Ropinorole

Answer 5

non-ergot D2 agonist, mild parkinson’s, RLS

Question 6

Apomorphine

Answer 6

non-ergot D2 agonist, injectable only

Question 7

Entacapone

Answer 7

COMT inhibitor (prevents breakdown of DA)

Question 8

Tolcapone

Answer 8

COMT inhibitor (prevents breakdown of DA)

Question 9

Selegiline

Answer 9

MAO-B inhibitor (prevents breakdown of DA, 5-HT, and NE)

Question 10

Rasagiline

Answer 10

MAO-B inhibitor (prevents breakdown of DA, 5-HT, and NE)

Question 11

Benztropine

Answer 11

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects

Question 12

Biperiden

Answer 12

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects

Question 13

Trihexyphenidyl

Answer 13

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects

Question 14

Procyclidine

Answer 14

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects

Question 15

Ethopropazine

Answer 15

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects

Question 16

Deep brain stimulation

Answer 16

Hits sub thalamic nucleus (don’t really know function)

Question 17

Bupripion

Answer 17

NDRI (NE DA reuptake inhib) that blocks DAT (dopamine active transporter) - increases DA and NE

Question 18

1-methylfolate

Answer 18

increases the 1-carbon cycle => more DA (not as effective but less side effects)

Question 19

s-adenosyl methionine

Answer 19

increases the 1-carbon cycle => more DA (not as effective but less side effects)

Question 20

Amphetamines

Answer 20

Dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts, lisdexamfetamine; for ADHD. Strongest DA stimulant: blocks DAT (NDRI), reverses DAT pump, and increases VMAT2 ejection of DA in nerve terminals. more DA and NE side effects. Lisdexamfetamine is a pro-drug (liver)

Question 21

Methylphendidate products

Answer 21

Block DAT more aggressively than bupropion

Question 22

Modafinil/Armodafinil

Answer 22

for fatigue due to narcolepsy, apnea, shift work, but not ADHD. can lower birth control effectiveness

Question 23

MAOi-B

Answer 23

more DA directed (for parkinson’s and depression)

Question 24

MAOi-A

Answer 24

MAO-A breaks down tyramine, so inhibitors have more severe side effects. if you eat food w/tyramine (fermented foods) while on MAOi-A, can lead to increased NE and a hypertensive crisis

Question 25

MAO’s

Answer 25

decrease serotonin in CNS also, so antidepressants like SSRI’s can lead to serotonin syndrome if on MAOi. MAO’s take a couple weeks to make, so not idea drugs for depression but fine for parkinson’s

Question 26

Aripiprazole

Answer 26

D3 agonist; antipsychotic for schizophrenia but also approved for depression. Partial D2 agonist as well

Question 27

Amantadine

Answer 27

Increase DA by release DA from terminal vesicles, blocks DAT, D2 agonist. Treats parkinson’s and influenza. oldie but goodie, but not used much anymore. Anti-viral; Dopaminergic, anticholinergic, anti-NMDA

Question 28

Diphenhydramine

Answer 28

Anticholinergic (antagonize ACh muscarinic receptor); for EPS parkinson side effects