Anxiolytics (Sedative & Hypnotic) - increase GABA action

Question 1

Diazepam

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine, “The model benzo”. GABAa agonist, long half-life - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxation

Question 2

Chlordiazepoxide

Answer 2

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar (benzo’s = sedatives only, not hypnotic)

Question 3

Lorazepam

Answer 3

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar, sedation, anticonvulsant, prevent w/drawl symptoms in alcoholics (benzo’s = sedatives only, not hypnotic)

Question 4

Flurazepam

Answer 4

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar (benzo’s = sedatives only, not hypnotic)

Question 5

Alprazolam

Answer 5

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar, sedation (benzo’s = sedatives only, not hypnotic)

Question 6

Midazolam

Answer 6

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for anesthesia (shortest acting)

Question 7

Triazolam

Answer 7

Benzodiazepine = GABAa agonist - for short-term depression treatment, maintenance of bipolar, and induce sleep (benzo’s = sedatives only, not hypnotic)

Question 8

Zolpidem

Answer 8

(Ambien) Non-benzo receptor agonist (“pseudobenzo”) - for sedation and hypnosis without muscle relaxation or anticonvulsant activity (aka for insomnia). Largely replaced benzo’s for treating insomnia. Eszoprolone (luniest) is similar

Question 9

Flumazenil

Answer 9

Benzo antagonist (competitive inhibitor) - for benzo OD

Question 10

Thiopental

Answer 10

Barbiturate; GABAa agonist (different subunit though) - used to induce anesthesia (fast on and fast off)

Question 11

Phenobarbital

Answer 11

Barbiturate; GABAa agonist (different subunit though) - antiepileptic, anticonvulsant; long lasting

Question 12

Buspirone

Answer 12

No GABAa interaction, may be partial agonist of 5-HT receptors - anxiolytic without marked sedation

Question 13

Alcohol (ethanol)

Answer 13

Binds to GABAa receptor - sedative/anxiolytic