Local Anesthetics

Question 1

Aromatic Ring

Answer 1

(Head of the dog) Potency + Duration

Question 2

Intermediate Linkage

Answer 2

(Body of the dog) Classification (Ester or Amide)

Question 3

Terminal Amine

Answer 3

(Legs of the dog) Determines onset (how fast it works) based on pKa and pH

Question 4

Ester anesthetic

Answer 4

One “i” in the names. Nonionized form crosses axonal membrane, ionized form (active form) blocks intracellular portion of inactive (refractory) voltage-gated sodium channel - local anesthetic. Allergies in esters only (less used). Metabolized by plasma esterases. Cocaine, Procaine, Benzocaine, Chloroprocaine

Question 5

Amide anesthetic

Answer 5

Two “i’s” in the names. Nonionized form crosses axonal membrane, ionized form (active form) blocks intracellular portion of inactive (refractory) voltage-gated sodium channel - local anesthetic. No allergies. Toxicity reversed by lipid emulsion infusion. Metabolized in liver, cleared by kidneys. Lidocaine, Mepivicaine, Bupivicaine, Etidocaine, Prilocaine, Ropivocaine, Dibucaine.