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Fundamentals of Microbiology > Parisitology > Flashcards

Parisitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on another to its own advantage and to the disadvantage of the host

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2
Q

What is an obligate parasite - give 1 example

A

The parasite cannot complete their lifecycle without exploiting a host
Tapeworm

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3
Q

What is a facultative parasite - give 1 example

A

Organism is not normally parasitic but enters host accidently
Free-living nematode

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4
Q

What is an accidental parasite - give 1 example

A

When a parasite enters the body of a species different from its normal one
Nematode

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5
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen

A

One that only causes severe disease in immune-deficient hosts

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6
Q

What is a definitive host

A

Host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity

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7
Q

What is an intermediate host

A

Host required for completion of lifecycle but parasite cannot reach sexual maturity

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8
Q

What is a reservoir host

A

An animal that harbours infection that can be transmitted to humans

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9
Q

What is a direct lifecycle

A

Parasite completes life cycle in a single host

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10
Q

What is an indirect lifecycle

A

Multiple hosts or involvement of a vector

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of arthropod parasites

A

Ticks - Lyme disease
Salmon louse

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12
Q

What are Schistosoma better known as - what do they cause

A

Blood flukes
Schistosomiasis

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13
Q

The parasite produces eggs in the gut that hatch externally in fresh water - what do the eggs release

A

Miracidia

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14
Q

What do the Miracidia then produce once they have infected a snail

A

Tailed cercariae

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15
Q

The cercariae burrow through human skin and goes undetected in the human body until they reach the liver - How?

A

The parasite covers itself in human proteins

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16
Q

Give a stage 1,2 and 3 symptom of schistosomiasis

A

(1) Blood in faeces
(2) Inflammation of abdomen
(3) Bladder cancer

17
Q

What drug is used to remove the covering of human proteins on the parasite

A

Praziquantel

18
Q

What does lymphatic filariasis cause

A

Elephantiasis due to blockage of lymph nodes

19
Q

What does the drug used to treat L. filariasis do - what else can be done when a person is infected

A

Sterilises the adults
Regular washing to reduce secondary infection

20
Q

What are the 4 protozoan parasite classes

A

Flagellates
Amoebas
Sporozoa
Ciliates

21
Q

What is a trophozoite

A

Vegetative state in the lifecycle of a parasite

22
Q

What is the name of the most deadly form of malaria

A

Plasmodium falciparum

23
Q

What kind of mosquito is responsible for malaria

A

Female Anopheles

24
Q

What is released into the circulation when one is bitten and where do they go

A

Sporozoites
To the liver

25
Q

When the sporozoites have increased in number what happens to the cells - what is released

A

The liver cells burst
Merozoites are released

26
Q

What do the merozoite infect - what do they turn into

A

Red blood cells
Trophozoites

27
Q

What do the trophozoites form into and where do these go

A

Gametocytes
Taken back up by mosquito

28
Q

What occurs in the mosquito to circle back to sporozoites

A

Fertilisation to form a haploid zygote which undergoes meiosis to form the haploid Oocyst

29
Q

Give 2 symptoms of malaria

A

Flu-like
Amaemia

30
Q

What stain is used to examine blood cells in parisitology

A

Giemsa

31
Q

What doe Leishmaniasis grow in and give 1 detail on morphology

A

Macrophages
Flaggellated

32
Q

1 detail on cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis

A

C - form nodules and ulcers on the skin
M - destruction of mucous membranes in mouth, nose and throat
V - enlargement of liver/spleen

33
Q

What is the vector for leishmaniasis

A

Sandfly

34
Q

What does T. brucei cause, what does it produce and what is the vector

A

African sleeping sickness - tsetse fly - tryptophan

35
Q

What does T. cruzi cause, what part of the body does it affect and what is the vector

A

Chagas disease - heart - kissing bug

36
Q

What are the two stages of the Entamoeba histolytica parasite

A

Cyst and Trophozoite

37
Q

What is 1 symptom of E. histolytica

A

Dysentery

38
Q

Give 1 detail on morphology of Giardia intestinalis parasite - what must be ingested to become infected

A

Flagellated - resistant cyst

39
Q

Give 1 symptom of G. intestinalis

A

Explosive diarrhoea

Fundamentals of Microbiology (16 decks)

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