Microbial Nutritional Requirements and Transport Flashcards
Give 6 required non-metal and 4 required metal macronutrients
Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur and Hydrogen
K, Mg, Ca, Fe
Give 2 examples of required micronutrients - how do these differ from macronutrients
Co + Cu
Absence will not cause growth to stop
Define and give 1 disadvantage for both prototrophy and auxotrophy
Prototrophy - Able to synthesise all of its cellular constituents from basic nutrients
Disadvantage - must maintain and multiply the genes for all of these processes
Auxotrophy - Lost ability to make certain compounds required for growth and metabolism
Disadvantage - Running out of nutrients causes growth to stop
What are the 3 things core to metabolism
Energy, Electrons and Carbon
2 ways in which microbes acquire energy and the given name
ATP from photosynthesis - Phototrophs
Organic/Inorganic compounds - Chemotrophs
3 ways in which energy is used
Chemical work
Transport work
Mechanical work
2 ways in which microbes acquire electrons and the given name
Inorganic compounds - Lithotrophs
Organic molecules - Organotrophs
2 ways in which electrons are used
Redox reactions - alter oxidation state
Energy generation by ETC
2 ways in which microbes acquire carbon and the given name
Co2 - Autotrophs
Organic carbon molecules - Heterotrophs
2 ways in which carbon is used
Building of structures
Act as a backbone
Order in which a metabolic microbe is named
Energy - Electron - Carbon
Define Passive diffusion
Movement of molecules from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient
What is used in facilitated diffusion - 1 advantage to passive diffusion
Carrier molecule - permease
Allows transport of sugars and amino acids
Why is a plateau reached in facilitated diffusion
Carrier solution effect - permease becomes saturated
Does facilitated or passive diffusion have a faster initial rate
Facilitated
