parasitology

Question 1

protozoan

Answer 1

unicellular eukaryotes

Question 2

metazoan

Answer 2

multicellular

Question 3

parasite life cycle

Answer 3

1.direct;
2.indirect;
3definitive or primary host:where parasite reaches maturity and undergoes sexual reproduction.
4;reservoir host: can harbour pathogen often with minimal effect.
5:secondary or intermediate host:where parasite usually undergoes asexual reproduction.

Question 4

zoonosis

Answer 4

disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals(

Question 5

anthroponosis

Answer 5

spread from human to human

Question 6

parasite test

Answer 6

1. fecal(stool examination)
2. urine sampling–ova(malaria)
3. CSF;
4. blood test;
5. invasive aspirates or biopsy;
6. MRI
7. PCR

Question 7

blood test

Answer 7

1. blood flim-good for high infection rate such as malaria or Africa trypanosomes
2. blood culture-detect blood borne pathogens at lower infection rate such leishmania, candida or histoplasma
3. For direct test-immunoassay to detect presence of pathogen antigens or ab or PCR to detect ag.

Question 8

rapid diagnostic tests advantage

Answer 8

1. easy, no special technical skills required
2. cheap;
3. sensitivity and specificity
4. stable in poor enviornment;
5. may need confirmation test
6. can use a range of patient sample.

Question 9

rapid diagnostic tests method

Answer 9

 1. The first step of the test procedure involves mixing the patient’s blood with a lysing agent in a test strip or well. This ruptures the red blood cells, releasing more parasite protein.
 2. Dye-labeled antibody, specific for target antigen, is present on the lower end of nitrocellulose strip or in a plastic well provided with the strip. Antibody, also specific for the target antigen, is bound to the strip in a thin (test) line, and either antibody specific for the labeled antibody, or antigen, is bound at the control line.