CNS

Question 1

meninges three membrances

Answer 1

outer: drua mater;.
middle: arachnoid mater
- ———subarachnoid space———
inner: pia mater

Question 2

CSF locate

Answer 2

subarachnoid space

Question 3

adult have ____ circulating CSF

Answer 3

100-160ml

Question 4

most common route of CNS invasion

Answer 4

1. the bloodstream

2. the lymphatic system

Question 5

bacterial meningitis most common in two age groups

Answer 5

1. most at risk: babies and children <3 ys

2. peaks again for teenagers and young adults aged 15-24

Question 6

describe bacterial meningitis organisms vary with ages

Answer 6

1. new borns:G-: E.coli. G+:group B strep& listeria monocytogenes
2. infants and children :G-:Neisseria meningitidis; Hib. G+:strep pneumoniae
3. adolenscents&young adult: G-: neisseria meningitidis; G+: strep pneumoniae
4. older adults: G-:Neisseria meningtidis. G+:Strep pneumonia, listeria monocytogens

Question 7

three bacterial species cause majority of meningitis cases

Answer 7

G+: strepcoccus pneumoniae(encapsuled), G-: Neisseria meningtidis&Hib
(all have capusle)

Question 8

Neisseria meningtidis virulence

Answer 8

1. polysaccharide capside:inhibit phagocytosis.resist antibody/complement mediated killing
2. endotoxin

Question 9

Neisseria meningtidis therapy

Answer 9

1. antibiotic therapy

2. vaccine:ABC most common cause of sever disease

Question 10

WA usually cause which type of neisseria meningtidis

Answer 10

B

Question 11

most cause children meningtidisis pathogen

Answer 11

hib,neisseria,

Question 12

most cause elder

Answer 12

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

listeria monocytogenes case risk to

Answer 13

1. immunocompromised and elderly

2. pregnant women:foetus infected via placenta,(stillborn or aborted)

Question 14

perpheral nervous system disease

Answer 14

leprosy

Question 15

leprosy pathogen

Answer 15

mycobaterium leprea( acid- fast bacilli)——same genus as mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)

Question 16

tetanus

Answer 16

clostridium tetani

Question 17

tetanus symptoms

Answer 17

1. no inflammation——pathogen do not spread
2. neurotoxin tetanospasmin cause symptoms(toxin release from death and lysis of bacteria)
3. toxin enters CNS via peripheral nerves or blood
4. tetanus toxin blocks muscle relaxation pathway
5. death —respiratory muscle spasms
6. vaccine

Question 18

botulism

Answer 18

clostridium botulinum

Question 19

botulism infect way

Answer 19

food-borne intoxication

Question 20

virual meningitis most common type

Answer 20

aseptic meningitis

Question 21

virual meningitis common virues

Answer 21

enteroviruses(children)
hepers viruses(adolescent and adults)

Question 22

list some virual disease of the CNS

Answer 22

1. polimyelitis( polivirus)
2. rabies( rabies virus)
3. arboviral encephalitis( arboviruses)

Question 23

poliomyelitis transmission

Answer 23

water

Question 24

poiomyelitis multiplies in

Answer 24

throat and small intestine

Question 25

arboviral encephalitis transmission

Answer 25

mosquito-borne

Question 26

list sungal disease of nervous system

Answer 26

cryptococus neoformans

Question 27

protozoal meninigitis

Answer 27

1. PAM:primary amoebic meningitis
2. Africa trypanosomiasis / sleeping sickness
3. gambiense disease
4. rhodesiense disease

Question 28

amoebic meningoencephalitis pathogen

Answer 28

Naegleria fowleri

Question 29

amoebic meningoencephalitis transmission

Answer 29

water enter to nose

Question 30

sleeping sickness pathogens

Answer 30

trypanosoma brucei:

1. …….gambinense
2. ……rhodesiense