Parasitic infections Flashcards
Giardia affects
GI tract
Giardia is activated by
stomach acid
What type of parasite is Giardia?
Simplest parasite
Water-borne
Pathogenesis of Giardia
Activated by stomach acid, ends up in duodenum where attaches to duodenum and interacts with blood-gut environment. Causes damage and depletes the host of nutrients. Interacts with bile acid so lipid metabolism is hindered. Water enters the large intestine due to osmotic effect and causes bulky stool.
How does Trichomonas vaginalis spread?
Via close sexual contact from one mucosal membrane to another.
Why can the Trichomonas vaginalis only live in the vagina?
Cytoplasm-filled sac. Bursts if not present in the mucosal membrane.
Why should we care about Trichomonas vaginalis?
Affects 180 million women worlwide, though the mortality rate is low
Trypanosome affects
The heart. Both physically by its presence and by affecting it biochemically via interactions with nerves.
How does Malaria transmit?
Through mosquitoes. Takes blood meal from infected person and injects parasites into next host (zone of inoculation)
How are mosquitoes specialised?
Their stylettes have countercurrent system by which both saliva and blood can be taken in/ out respectively.
Where does the parasite develop?
In the salivary gland. The parasites have to go through life cycles before being able to be transmitted.
Schistomoses is commonly known as what?
The blood flu
How does Schistomoses develop?
The ova with spikes travels throughout the tissue causing damage. Immune system is triggered and encapsules the ova in WBC. Forms granuloma.
Are granulomas beneficial?
They are both beneficial and unbeneficial. Granulomas cause structural damage to the tissue whilst protecting the host from the parasite.
Why do symptoms arise in Leishmania?
Due to host response to the pathogen