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Infection, immunity and repair > Modelling tissue repair > Flashcards

Modelling tissue repair Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 extreme examples of wound healing?

A

Diabetic ulcer

Burns

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2
Q

What happens when burns heal?

A

Healing replaces matrix

Force that cells generate to replace matrix results in contracture

Affects function of tissue

Healing is of lower quality

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3
Q

What are the 4 stages of healing?

A

Inflammation

Re-epithelization

Granulation

Fibroplasia

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4
Q

What causes inflammation?

A

Cells rupture

Immune response leaves blood

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5
Q

What is re-epithelization?

A

Epithelia brings the wound closer together and seals it to protect host from extracellular environment

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6
Q

What is granulation?

A

Cells come in and replace hole produced by injury

Clot = first granulation tissue that traps cells to pevent from bleeing

Cells comin in proliferate, migrate and pull wound edges closer together by the production of ECM

Factors attract blood vessels to come in

Neural input comes along to bring sensation to the skin

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7
Q

What is fibroplasia?

A

Maturation of the healing wound beneath the surface of the skin

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8
Q

What are the 5 types of assays used to model tissue repair?

A

Scratch assay

Substrate wrinkling assay

Stress relaxed collagen gel assay

Free floating collagen gel assay

Culture force monitor

Boyden chamber

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9
Q

What are characteristic features of scratch assay?

A

Simple and commonly used

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10
Q

What are the steps to performin a scratchh assay?

A

Take cells from the body

Cells until they reach confluence

Scratch across the culture

Observe how the cells migrate to pull the gap together

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11
Q

How can the scratch assay be used in different ways?

A

Can add inhibitors and cytokines to look at their effect on wound healing

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of scratch assay

A

Main regulators of wound healing are found underneath the skin

2D nature of the asssay is problemtatic -> can’t grow fibroblasts as they convert to collagen type I

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13
Q

What is substrate wrinkling assay?

A

When cells attach to the matrix and pull it together, they wrincle the ECM substrate

Cells accumulate forces whilst pulling the wound together

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14
Q

How is substrate wrinkling assay linked to diabetic ulcers?

A

Diabetic ulcers develop since the substrate being pulled by cells to heal wound is too soft

Excess release of MMPs made substrate too soft

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15
Q

How can we use substrate wrikling assay?

A

Can look at the amount of force generated by the cells via lasers

Map filament and actin concentration to the amount of substrate wrinkled

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16
Q

How is a stress relaxed collagen assay performed?

A

Let the fibroblasts attach to the matrix

After a period of time release the gel from the base

It will contract massively within minutes

Contraction depends on level of stress accumulated by the fibroblasts

17
Q

How can a Boyden chamber be used to model wound repair?

A

See how cells migrate from one part of the set to another

18
Q

Steps to perform a Boyden chamber assay?

A

Make chamber with cells on top

Substance at bottom of chamber

Observe how the cells migrate from the top to the bottom

19
Q

What is Boyden chamber assay used for?

A

Effect of cytokines on cell migration

20
Q

What is a floating collagen gel assay?

A

Cells are embedded within collagen wells

Floating on multi-well plates

When gel sets, cells attach and contract the cell matrix

Decreases the size of the matrix

21
Q

What is a floating gel assay used for?

A

Gives an idea of how cells

Attach, contract and remodel a tissue

Look at the effects of cytokine on wound closure

22
Q

What is a culture force monitor?

A

Collagen gel is placed in a rectangular form

One side is attached to a force transducer

One side is attached to a fixed point

23
Q

How does the force transucer measure the tension in the fibroblasts?

A

Cells attach to the transducer and generate force

Force transducer is the only thing that can move

Causes displacement of the bar

Can correlate the displacement to the force produced by cells

24
Q

What is the culture force monitor used to look for?

A

Looks at the effect of different cells on contracting the wound

Infection, immunity and repair (52 decks)

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