Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection, immunity and repair > Nature of connective tissues > Flashcards

Nature of connective tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are connective tissues?

A

Biological tissues that supports, separates and connects tissues and organs

Maintains the form of the body and its organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are types of connective tissues?

A

Fibrous

Muscle

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three main components of connective tissues?

A

Fibres

Ground substance

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Clear colourless solution containing GAGs and proteoglycans

Fix body water and fibers within ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the ECM?

A

Body fluid and ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can fibers be non-fibrous?

A

Yes

Blood and adipose tissue are non-fibrous fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of cells of connective tissues?

A

Resident

Fluctuating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of resident cells in connective tissues

A 
Fibroblasts 
Adipocytes 
Osteoclasts 
Osteoblasts 
Mesenchymal stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of fluctuating cells in connective tissues

A

Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Mase cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Mesengenesis?

A

Genesis of resident mesenchymal cells in bone and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do mesenchymal stem cells undergo upon activation?

A

Proliferative and commitment events

Progeny into distinct lineages - bone, cartilage, cardiac

Terminal differentiation into ultimate phenotypes - osteocytes, chondriac, myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

Thin sheet-like network

Formed by two layers:

Basal lamina
Reticular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of the basement membrane?

A

Physical support

Developmental control

Filtering functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the ECM?

A

Highly organised, complex arrangement of molecules filling intracellular spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What creates the ECM?

A

Resident local cells

Secrete proteins and assemble outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What determines the shape of the ECM?

A

Amount of ECM components

Organisation of the ECM components

17
Q

What types of cells make up the ECM?

A

Structural insoluble proteins - collagen

Hydrostatic soluble fibrillar polymers - GAGs and PGs

Substrate adhesion molecules - laminin, fibronectin

Cytokine and GF binding proteins

18
Q

What is the role of insoluble fibers?

A

Resist tensile forces

19
Q

What is the role of soluble fibrillar polymers?

A

Inflate fibrous network and provide resistance to compression

20
Q

What is the role of non-collagenous adhesive glycoproteins?

A

Bridges between matrix and basement membrane

21
Q

Describe the structure of collagen

A

Triple helix

Three chain wrap around each other in rope-liek fashion

28 members in a family

Six classes - fibrillar = most abundant

22
Q

What percentage total body collagen does collagen I compose?

A

90%

23
Q

Structure of GAGs

A

Oligosaccharides and glycans attached to polypeptide chains

Carbohydrates attached to proteins by glycosylation

24
Q

Examples of common GAGs

A

Hyaluronic acid

Chondroitin sulphate

Heparan sulphate

Dermatan sulphate

25
Q

GAGs are important components of ground substance

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

26
Q

Role of Hyaluronate

A

Important GAG

Chief component of ECM

Important in cell migration/ proliferation

Increases viscosity of synovial fluid

Important in tissue repair

27
Q

What are substrate adhesion molecules?

A

Proteins that mediate cell adhesion to ECM

Enhance integrin-expressing cell binding

Contrcact ECM to allow cells to bind

28
Q

What are integrins?

A

Transmembrane receptor proteins that bridge cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions

29
Q

What happens when integrins become activated?

A

Trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways

Infection, immunity and repair (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions