PARASIT BASICS LAB Flashcards
Most common fixative for preservation in Parasit
10% formalin
polyvinyl alcohol
All purpose fixative
has 1:3 stool to fixative ratio
formalin
Formalin concentration for protozoan cyst
5%
concentration of formalin for helminth eggs and larvae
10%
Very useful for field survey fixative
disadvantage contains mercuric chloride
Merthiolate Iodine Formaldehyde
Considered as the gold standard solution
permanent stain smear or execellent preservation of protozoan trophozoites and cysts
Schaudinn’s solution
Mercury based
Eco friendly fixative
Modified polyvinyl alcohol
copper or zince
Macroscopic examination includes
color
consistency
adult worms, proglottids
pus
mucus, blood
Microscopic examination includes
Parasites and ova
Preparation for microscopic
direct wet preparation
concentrated technique (fixed/fresh)
Permanently stained smear
Ocular micrometer
disk inserted to the eyepiece
size is important
measured as microms
best technique for the recovery of Schistosoma, opeculated eggs, trematode eggs, cestode eggs
Sedimentation technique
FEACT
Dissolves neutral fats/lipids and CHO
ether/ethyl acetate
best technique for the recovery of Protozoan cyst, nematode
Flotation
main reagent: 33% zinc sulfate
spx: stool
specific gravity range in floatation in zinc sulfate solution
1.18-1.20
fresh stool: 1.18
fixed stool 1.20
Best floatation technique for cryptosporodium, cyclospora
Sheathers sugar floatation
not the method of choice for helminths
modified trichrome color change
spores are pink to red green background
egg counting procedure that uses sieved and wire mesh
Kato katz
recommended method of WHO useful in assessing intensity of infection of STH and unholy three
Cellophane covered smear
thin film for malaria
confirmatory
malaria id
thick film for malaria
screening
quantifying malarial parasite
Thick and thin smear is the gold standard
parasites recovered in blood
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma spp
Plasmodium
Babesia
Microfilariae
1hr if malaria is suspected
CSF PARASITE
Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba
Trypanosoma spp - sleeping disease
Rectal biopsy specimen parasite
Schistosoma spp
Skin biopsy skin snips
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella
Sputum
ASH
Ascaris
Strongyloides
Hookworm
Eye specimens
Acanthamoeba keratitis
T. gondii
Loa loa
Mouth scrapings
Entamoeba gingivalis
Trichomonas tenax
Nasal discharge
Naegleria fowleri
Gold standard for parasitic examniation diseases
Microscopic examination
when fixative is not an option, stool can be mixed in ________
Potassium dichromate 1:1
Absolute ethanol 1:1
stored at 4C frozen with dry ice
