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RMT AUG 2024 > PARasit > Flashcards

PARasit Flashcards

1
Q

Endoparasite causes ____ to human

A

Infection

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2
Q

Causes by ectoparasite called

A

Infestation

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3
Q

Free living organism that passes through digestive without infecting host

A

Spurious

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4
Q

Host Harbors the SEXUAL STAGE of parasite

A

Definitive or Final Host

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5
Q

Harbors ASEXUAL or LARVAL stage of the parasite

A

Intermediate host

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6
Q

Allows the parasite to complete its life cycle to continue and become infectious to human

A

Reservoir

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7
Q

Only serve as transport of parasite. No further development

A

Paratenic (para po jeep!)

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8
Q

Soil parasites

A

Hookworms
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
Strongyloides stercolis

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9
Q

The infective person is the main source of infection himself

A

Autoinfection

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10
Q

Most commonly submitted sample for parasite examination

A

Stool

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11
Q

Outpatient stool collected in 10 days

A

3 total stools (submitted every other day)

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12
Q

How many stool specimen for amebiasis infection?

A

6 stools in 14 days

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13
Q

Inpatient stool specimen collection

A

Everyday for 3 days

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14
Q

Collection storage of stool in parasit

A

Wide mouth, sterile, WAXED cardboard

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15
Q

Type of parasite found in watery stool specimen

A

Trophozoites
Helminth eggs

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16
Q

Liquid or watery stools are examined for how many minutes

A

Less than 30mins

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17
Q

Semiformed or soft stool spx can recover

A

Trophozoites and cysts
Examined for less than 1hr

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18
Q

Formed stool can recovered

A

Cysts
24hrs

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19
Q

Storage of the specimen temperature stool for parasitic diagnosis

A

Refrigerated temp 3-4C

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20
Q

Locomatory organelles of protozoans - PSEUDOPHILIA

A

Sarcodina

Amoebas locomotion:
Entameoba spp
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp

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21
Q

Locomotory of protozoan
Flagellates

A

Mastigophora

Trichomonas spp
Giardia
Chilomastix
Dientamoeba

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22
Q

Hemoflagellates

A

Leishmania spp
Trypanosima brucei
T cruzi

Mastigophora

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23
Q

Amoebas extraintestinal spp

A

Entamoeba gingivalis – Mouth
Naegleria fowleri – Nose - CNS
Acanthamoeba spp – Corneal

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24
Q

The only amoeba who doesnt have cystic stage

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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25
Q

Feeding stage of parasite in life cycle of amoebas

A

Trophozoites

Begins to multiply in the intestine. Destryos by iodine

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26
Q

infective stage of amoeba

A

cysts

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27
Q

lab diagnosis that shows motility of trophozites of amoeba, internal and cytoplasmic structure

A

saline wet preparations

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28
Q

diseases causes by the pathogenic entamoeba Histolytica

A
  • intestinal amebiasis
  • extraintestinal amebiasis (liver)
  • amebic colitis
  • amebic dysentery
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28
Q

known as the bull’s eye entamoeba because the karyosome is located centrally

A

entamoeba histolytica

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28
Q

more satistfactory method in examining cyst of amoeba

A

permanent stain: trichrome

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29
Q

entamoeba that moves in one direction, progressive, directional movement, explosive manner, one pseudopod (finger-like)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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29
Q

amoeba cyst mode of transmission

A

fecal-oral route: contaminated food/water

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30
Q

differences of pathogenic entamoeba and nonpathogenic

A

Pathogenic: centrally located karyosome, evenly distributed chromatin peripheral

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31
Q

this is considered as the diagnostic test for E. histolytica

A

RBC presence on the cytoplasm

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32
Q

what is the shape of the chromatoidal bar of the e histolytica

A

sausage shape/ coffin shaped

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33
Q

how many nuclei does the cyst of e histolytic has

A

4 quadrinuclei

resistant to chlorination but destroyed through boiling

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33
Q

flasked shaped ulcerations

A

caused by e histolytica

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34
Q

leading cause of mortality of parasitic infection are

A

malaria - Plasmodium spp
schistosomiasis - Schistosoma spp

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34
Q

method of choice for discriminating e histolytica and e dispar

A

PCR molecular analysis

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34
Q

lab diagnosis of Naegleri fowleri in amoebic meningoencephelitis

A

CNS examination - trophozoites recovery

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34
Q

causative agent of Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

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35
Q

diagnostic sign for meningitis where the patient is unable to fully straigthen his leg when hip is 90 degree flexed

A

Kernig’s sign

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36
Q

MOT of N fowleri

A

inhalation of contaminated water
can infect healthy people

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37
Q

Cyst has double walled wrinkled form of spiny hyaline projections

A

Acanthamoeba spp

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37
Q

trophozoites of acanthomoeba is

A

spinelike pseudopods : acanthopodia

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38
Q

positive result of Acanthamoeba on BAP agar

A

Trailing effect (tracks)

BAP + E.coli (source of food) eats the bacteria

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38
Q

acanthamoeba spp that is the most responsible for CNS and eye infection of Humans

A

Acanthamoeba castellani

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38
Q

the morphology of cyst of Giardia intestinalis

A

ovoid-football shaped

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38
Q

disease that is caused by acanthamoeba spp

A
  1. acanthamoeba keratitis/ amebic keratitis
  2. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) immunocompromised px (Balamuthia mandriallis)
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39
Q

the only pathogenic in Mastigophora (intesinal flagellates)

A

Giardia intentinalis/duodenale/lamblia
“cercomonas intestinalis”

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40
Q

the morphology of trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis; the only bilaterally symmetrical protozoan

A

pear-shaped/ teardrop
4 pairs of flagella

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40
Q

Old man’s face with eyeglasses appearance

A

Giardia intestinalis tropozhoites

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41
Q

motility of Giardia intestinalis

A

falling leaf motility

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42
Q

Organism of G intestinal may be passed and recovered on one day’s sample but on the following day no parasites in seen

A

shed in the stool in showers

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43
Q

Major cause of diarrheal outbreaks : waterborne and foodborne outbreak

A

Giardia
Dientamoeba
Cryptosporulom

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43
Q

Gay-bowel syndrome
traveler’s diarrhea
steatorrhea/malabsorption

A

Giardia intestinalis

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44
Q

can be identified in px who were infected with helminths of E. vermicularis (pinworm)

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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45
Q

D fragilis exhibit Brownian movement known as

A

Hakansson phenomenom

D fragilis swells and return to normal size in mounting water preparations

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46
Q

nonpathogenic intestinal flagellates

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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46
Q

protozoans who have pear-shaped trophozoites

A
  1. Giardia
  2. Trichomonas
  3. Chilomastix
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47
Q

Trichomona spp found in contaminated milk

A

T.hominis
SPX: stool

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48
Q

Trichomonas spp found in tartar between teeth and gingival margin of the gums

A

T.tenax

MOT: Kissing, utensils
SPX: oral scrapings

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49
Q

Most common non-viral STI in the world

A

Trichomoniasis

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50
Q

causes t vaginalis infections and cervival carcinoma

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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51
Q

rapid jerky motility

A

T vaginalis

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52
Q

s/s: strawberry cervix

A

vaginitis
CA. Trich vaginalis

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53
Q

Hemoflagellates

A
  1. Leishmanias
  2. Trypanosomas
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54
Q

Four morphology stages of hemoflagellates
APET

A

A/mastigote
Pro/mastigote
Epi/mastigote
Trypo/mastigote

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54
Q

Stage of hemoflagellates: found primarily in tissues, muscle as well as the CNS within macrophage where they multiply

A

Amastigote

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55
Q

Visible to peripheral blood.
migrate, reproduce stage hemoflagellates

A

Trypomastigote

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56
Q

Hemoflagellate Stage where can be seen only after leishmania transmission

A

Promastigote

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57
Q

Vector of Lesishmaniasis

A

Sandfly: Phlebotomus spp/ Lutzomyia

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58
Q

Hemoflagellate is found only in vectors

A

Epimastigote

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59
Q

Safer, less invasive procedure in leishmanian prep from venous blood

A

Giemsa stained Buffy coat films

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60
Q

Culture medium for Hemoflagellates: leishmania spp and Trypanosoma

A

Novy-Nicole McNeal Medium (NNN)

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61
Q

Ideal stage for culturing of Leishmania

A

Promastigote
-seen during leishmanian transmission-
Long and slender appearance

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62
Q

Diagnostic specimen of Leishman spp infection that is in multiplying stage

A

Amastigote

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62
Q

Skin test for Leishmania spp infection

A

Montenegro skin test
Similar to tuberculin skin test for Mtb

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63
Q

Infective stage of Leishman in Man

A

Promastigote

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64
Q

Life cycle of Leishman spp

A
  1. Sandfly salivary gland - promastigote
  2. Infected stage in MAN - promastigote
  3. Tissue cells of man multiply into amastigote
  4. Infected again Sandfly carries Amastigote
  5. AMastigote resides to Salivary gland of phlebotomus fly as Promastigote again

DF: Man
Vector: Phlebotomus spp

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64
Q

Stage of Leishmanian spp infection carried by sandfly salivary gland

A

Promastigote

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64
Q

Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis: Localized infection

A

Leishmania tropica

“Oriental sore, Aleppo Button, Baghdad or Jericho boil”

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65
Q

Weeping lesions, New world boil, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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66
Q

Dumdum Fever or Black fever

A

Leishmania donovani

can be transmitted throught blood transfusion

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67
Q

Nagana causative agent; sleeping sickness
“West African sleeping sickness” months-years manifestation

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

  • trypasomal disease
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68
Q

Causative agent of Chagas disease, described by medical student Carlos Chagas

A

Trypasoma cruzi

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69
Q

East african sleeping sickness; weeks manifestation

A

Trypasoma brucei rhodesiense

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70
Q

Vector of African sleeping sickness

A

tsetse flies genus Glossina

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71
Q

Phase of Trypasoma sleeping disease where it evaded peripheral blood and lymph nodes

A

Acute phase

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72
Q

Phase of Trypasoma sleeping disease where it evaded CNS; meningoencephalitis “sleeping coma”

A

Chronic phase of sleeping disease

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73
Q

Febrile stage specimen for trypanoma sleeping disease

A

Blood and lymph

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74
Q

Sleeping stage if trypanoma infection

A

CSF

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75
Q

Diagnostic stage of trypanoma spp

A

Trypomastigote

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76
Q

most common vector of Trypanosoma cruzi

A

triatomid bugs
kissing bug

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77
Q

Erythematous nodule at the sitee of infection Trypanomal cruzi infection called

A

Chagoma

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78
Q

Diagnostic stage of Trypanoma cruzii

A

Trypomastigote
amastigote

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79
Q

test animal for trypanomal cruzi infection

A

Reduviid bugs (stool exam) in xenodiagnosis

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80
Q

Largest parasitic protozoan; ciliate

A

Neobalantidium coli
Natural host: Pigs

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81
Q

Sporozoans

A

Phylum apicomplexa

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82
Q

Sexual reproduction of sporozoan

A

Sporogony
FH: Arthropod

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83
Q

Asexual reproduction of sporozoan

A

Schizogony
IH: Man

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84
Q

Leading parasitic disease mortality worldwide

A

Malaria
Plasmodium vivax

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85
Q

Most common causative agent of malaria in the Philippines

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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86
Q

Plasmodium spp phylum/family

A

Phylum: Apicomplexa
Class: Aconoidasida
Order: Haemosporida

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87
Q

Infective stage of Plasmodium in asexual reproduction

A

Sporozoites
Asexual “schizogony’”

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88
Q

FInal host in sexual reproduction of Plasmodium

A

Anopheles

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88
Q

Enumerate the life cycle of Plasmodium in Asexual Reproduction

A
  1. Definitive Host: Female Anopheles mosquitoe
  2. Infective stage: Sporozoites
  3. Bites Man

Sporozoites -> man LIVER
1. Exoerythrocytic stage: Cryptozoites -> merozoites
2. Bloodstream stage: RBC
merozoites > ring trophozoites > schizont
3. schizont has merozoites and infect other cells
4. merozoites = gametocyte (micro and macro)

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89
Q

Enumerate the life cycle of Plasmodium in sexual Reproduction

A
  1. Gametocyte ingested by the anopheles in blood meal

Anopheles gut:
1. gametes form zygote
2. oocyts in gut wall releases sporozoites moves to salivary gland –> man

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90
Q

Man as a host in Plasmodium cycle

A

Intermediate host

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91
Q

most fatal plasmodium

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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92
Q

Important virulence factor of Plasmodium vivax

A

FY6

  • causative agent of Malaria worldwide
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93
Q

schizont of P. vivax

A

12-24 meroxoites 16 average

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94
Q

schizont of P.ovale

A

8 merozoites

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95
Q

Stages of P.vivax in peripheral blood

A

All stages seen

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96
Q

Merozoites are arranged in around a central pigment. Daisy like/ rosette

A

Plasmodium malariae

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97
Q

ziemmans dots, band trophozoites

A

P. malariae

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98
Q

Plasmodium spp invades reticulocytes / immature rbca

A

P.ovale
P.vivax

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99
Q

Plasmodium spp invades all stages of RBC

A

P. falciparum

100
Q

Plasmodium spp invades matured RBC

A

P.malariae

101
Q

Most prevalent patho signs is intravascular hemolysis - black urine, marked hemoglobinuria, kidney involvement

A

Blackwater fever

102
Q

In cerebra malaria, what stage is seen in peripheral blood smear?

A

ring forms and gametocytes

103
Q

with severe infection of malaria, what stage is seen on PBS?

A

trophozoites and schizonts

104
Q

Fifth human malaria parasite

A

Plasmodium knowlesi

105
Q

Sensitive test in malaria diagnosis

A

thick blood film

  • dehemoglobinized, stained with GIEMSA ph 7.2
  • QUANTIFICATION of malarial infx
106
Q

Confirmation test for malarial infection, fixed with methanol

A

Think blood film

107
Q

Fluorochrome used in QBC technique for malarial test

A

Acridine orange

108
Q

Blood collection for malaria id

A

every 6-12 hrs for 2 days

109
Q

For malarial blood smear: it is repeated every ___ hrs for ____ days

A

12-24 hrs for 3 days

110
Q

Technique for malarial diagnosis using acridine orange as fluorochrome

A

Quantitativ buffy coat technique

111
Q

Rapid malarial test

A

Optimal assay Malaquick

112
Q

Intestinal spp of Phylum Apicomplexa class Sporozoa

A

Isospora belli
Sarcocystiis spp
Cryptosporodium parvum

113
Q

Tissue spp of sporozoa class

A

Toxoplasma gondii

114
Q

Nursery school outbreak diarrhea most common parasites

A

Giardia lamblia
D. fragilis
Cryptosporodium

115
Q

infective stage of Cryptosporodium parvum

116
Q

Risk factor for cryptosporidosis

A

Immunocompromised px: HIV/ AIDS px

117
Q

Lab diagnosis for cryptosporidosis

A

Sheathers sugar floatation

118
Q

Definitive Host of toxoplasma gondii

A

Cat

Intermidiate host is RODENT
Accidental host; man

119
Q

Metazoans: Nemathelminthes Nematodes (Roundworms) classes

A
  1. Nematodes
  2. Filariae
  3. Cestoda
  4. Trematoda
120
Q

Parthernogenetic reproduction

A

Strongyloides stercolaris

  • May or may not require male for copulation
121
Q

lay immature/ unembryonated ova

A

oviparous

EG. HAT - immature egg need soil for embryonation

122
Q

mature eggs’ embryonated eggs already

A

Oviviparous

eg Strongyloides stercolaris, Enterobius (partial oviviparous needs 4 hrs to mature)
hatched na sa intestine

123
Q

Lay larva not egg

A

Viviparous/ Larviparous

EG: Trichinella spiralis

124
Q

Small intestine nematode parasites
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum

A

Capillaria
Ascaris lumbricoides
Strongyloides strecoralis
Hookworms
Trichinella spiralis adult

CASHT

125
Q

Large intestine nematodes
- cecum
-colon

A

Trichiuris trichura
Enterobius vermicularis

126
Q

Extraintestinal nematode residing in lymph nodes

A

Filarial worms
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugua malayi

127
Q

Extraintestinal nematode residing in Eyes and meninges

A

Angiostrongylus/Parastrongylus

128
Q

Encysted in Host muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis larva

129
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

Dracunculus medinensis
Loaloa
Onchocerca

130
Q

Infective stage of Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius

A

embryonated egg

131
Q

Infective stage of Necator, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides

A

L3 -Filaform larvae

132
Q

Infective stage of Trichinella

A

Encysted larva l3

133
Q

treatment for nematodes

A

Albendazole and mebendazole

134
Q

Giant intestinal roundworm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

  • most common in tropics places. Philippines
135
Q

Mechanical or phoretic vectors of ascaris

A

Cockroaches
Flies

136
Q

Soil transmitted helminths are:

A

Hookworms
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris
Strongy

137
Q

Unholy three nematodes

A

Hookworms
Ascaris
Trichuris

138
Q

Final host of Ascaris

139
Q

Three parasite undergo Heart-Lung migration

A

Ascaris
Strogy
Hookworm

laval form recovered in sputum

140
Q

Diagnostic stage of Ascaris

A

Ova found in the stool
fertilized: rounded thick, mammiliated has corticated layer
unfertilized: shell is thinner
- NON vitelline, lecithein layer

141
Q

If negative in stool exam of Ascaris it means:

A
  1. No infection
  2. Early infection (no eggs yet)
  3. Male infection
142
Q

Quantitative lab diagnosis for ascaris

A

Kato-Katz

can help with the severity of the infections

143
Q

MOT of ascaris

A

fecal-oral route

144
Q

Trilobate lips adult worm

145
Q

Pinworm, Seatworm, Social worm, Society worm, threadworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis
“Oxyuris vermicularis”

146
Q

Ocular larva migrans

A

will not hatch but will not mature into adult worms

147
Q

final host of Enteribius vermicularis

148
Q

Mode of infection of Enterobius vermicularis

A

embryonated egg thru:
1. Ingestion
2. inhalation (autoinfection)
3. Retroinfection

starts infected within 4hrs

149
Q

anterior end with LATERAL WINGS or CEPHALIC ALAE; clear, long, pointed tail

A

Enterobius vermivularis

150
Q

D-shaped egg

A

Enterobius vermicularis

151
Q

nocturnal pruritis ani

A

Enterobius vermicularis manifestation

152
Q

ideal time to do the scotch tape/ cellulose tape swab

A

morning before the px poop or before shower

153
Q

diagnostic stage of enterobius vermicularis

A

Embyonated egg

154
Q

Cannot be managed through environmental sanitation, needs personal hygiene

A

Enterobius vermicularis

155
Q

Whipworm

A

Trichuris trichiura

MOT: fecal oral

156
Q

most common helminth infected in man

A

1. Enterobius (tropical)

#1.1. Ascaris (worldwide)
#2. Hookworms
#3. Trichuris trichiura

157
Q

Slender or attenuated anterior resembling latigo shape

A

Trichuris trichiura

158
Q

japanese lantern egg
barrel-shaped, with BIPOLAR MUCUS PLUG

A

Trichuris trichiura

159
Q

Lab diagnosis for nematodes

A
  1. stool exam
  2. concentration technique
  3. kato-katz (HAT & Schistosomes)
160
Q

Pudoc worm
Mystery disease

A

Capillaria philippinensis
(Paracapillaria)

identified in Pudoc, Ilocos Sur

161
Q

Guitar, peanut shaped, plugs are not prominet

A

Paracapillaria

162
Q

Intermidiate Host of PAracapillaria

A

Fresh water fish, Brackfish water
Hypselotris bipartita

163
Q

infective stage of capillaria

A

larval stage in fishes

164
Q

Old world hookworm

A

Ancylostoma duodenale
2 pairs of teeth

165
Q

American hookworm, american murderer hookworm, New world hookworm

A

Necator americanus
Cutting plate, semilunar buccal cavity

166
Q

Civet cat hookworm

A

Ancylostoma ceylanicum

167
Q

infective stage of hookworm

A

L3 Sheathed form/ filaform larvae
MOT: skin penetration

168
Q

Morula ball egg formation

A

hookworm egg

169
Q

technique for the hookworm and threadform filaform larva

A

Baermann Funnel technique

Other diagnostic technique
haradamori culture technique/filter paper technique`

171
Q

Known as threadworm

A

Strongyloides

smallest nematode
female are parthenogenic

172
Q

diagnostic stage of strongyloides

A

rhabditiform larva (heavy infection)

173
Q

infective stage of strongyloides

A

L3 Filaform larvae (unsheathed)
MOT: skin penetration, internal autoinfection chronic

174
Q

chinese lantern appearance egg

A

Strongyloides

175
Q

female are long slender with long eggs

A

Strongyloides

176
Q

Honeycombed apperance of the intestinal mucosa is caused by

A

Strongyloides infection

“Cochin China Diarrhea, vietnam diarrhea”

177
Q

Most sensitive coprological method fot the detection of Strongyloides

A

Koga agar plate

179
Q

The motile, reproducing, feeding stage of the protozoans is which of the following?

A

Trophozoite

180
Q

Which of these trophozoites, when acting as a pathogen, is likely to ingest red blood cells of the host?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

181
Q

The point of differentiation between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba hartmanni is:

182
Q

Which of the following would have a double-walled, wrinkled cyst form?

A

Acanthamoeba castellanii

183
Q

A cyst that possesses a single nucleus and a large glycogen vacuole that stains deeply with iodine belong to:

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

184
Q

Which of the following are often mistaken for cysts of amoeba?

A

Blastocystis hominis

185
Q

Which of the following is pathognomonic for Giardia lamblia and the stage it is found in?

A

Ventral sucking disk/trophozoite

186
Q

Which of the following protozoa have an undulating membrane?
*

A

Trichomonas and Trypanosoma

extraintestinal parasites

187
Q

Which of the following is the vector of African sleeping sickness?
*

A

Tsetse fly (Glossina)

188
Q

In the laboratory diagnosis of Leishmania donovani, which is the preferred specimen in which to find Leishman-Donovan bodies?

A

Bone marrow

189
Q

Which of the following is the only ciliate that is pathogenic in humans?

A

Balantidium coli

190
Q

Structure used for motility of Balantidium coli:
*

191
Q

Which nucleus of the trophozoite of Balantidium coli is the reproductive one?

A

Micronucleus

192
Q

Which of the malarial organisms presents as pale, very AMOEBOID RING TROPHOZOITE, infecting a large pale red blood cell with dot of hemoglobin?

A

Plasmodium vivax

193
Q

Which of the malarial organism preferentially invades reticulocytes?
*

A

Plasmodium vivax

194
Q

The malarial organism whose schizont resembles a “fruit pie” in which the merozoites form a rosette around the malarial pigment is

A

Plasmodium malariae

195
Q

Which malarial organism features ring trophozoites that have double chromatin dots, applique forms, and often have multiple parasites in the infected red blood cells?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

196
Q

Which malarial organism has large, coarse, red dots within a large, pale red blood cell with fimbriated edges?

A

Plasmodium ovale

197
Q

The sexual reproduction cycle in Plasmodium and coccidian is referred to as:

198
Q

What is the infective stage of malarial parasite to humans?

A

Sporozoites

199
Q

in which type of malaria is there synchronized rupture of the red blood cells every 72 hours?

A

P . malariae

200
Q

Which hemoglobin is incompatible with malaria parasite survival?

201
Q

What constitutes a positive result in the Sabin-Feldman dye test?

A

Toxoplasma loses its affinity for methylene blue dye

202
Q

The modified acid-fast stain is most often used in parasitology to identify:

A

Cryptosporidium and other coccidia

203
Q

Microsporidial infections can be confirmed using:

A

Light microscopy and modified trichrome stains

204
Q

What morphological characteristic differentiates trichomonads from other intestinal flagellates?

A

Undulating membrane

205
Q

Which of the following is the most important feature in differentiating cysts of Entamoeba histolytica from E. dispar?

A

Distinguishing surface antigens by immunologic assays

206
Q

Which of the following is the best technique to identify Dientamoeba fragilis in stool?

A

Trichrome-stained smear

207
Q

In an outbreak of diarrheal disease traced to a municipal water supply, the most likely causative agent is:

A

Cryptosporidium spp.

208
Q

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale are similar because they

A

Exhibit Schüffner’s dots and have a true relapse in the life cycle

209
Q

Early ring stages of the fifth human malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, resemble those of:

A

Plasmodium falciparum

210
Q

Older developing stages (trophs, schizonts) of the fifth human malaria, Plasmodium knowlesi, resemble those of:

A

Plasmodium malariae

211
Q

Autofluorescence requires no stain and is recommended for the identification of:

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts

212
Q

Muscle worm/trichina worm

A

Trichinella spiralis

213
Q

The accidental host or dead end host of Trichinella spiralis

214
Q

Diagnostic stage of Trichinella spiralis

A

Encysted larvae

215
Q

Used of albino mice/rats in diagnosis of trichinella spiralis

A

Becks Xenodiagnosis

216
Q

can destroy tichinella spiralis

217
Q

great imitator

A

Trichinella

218
Q

Parasites reside in lymphatic nodes

A

Wuchureria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

219
Q

Parasites seen in subcutaneous tissue

A

loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus

220
Q

diagnostic stage of filarial worms

A

Microfilaria found in blood

except Onchocera; skin snips

221
Q

Intermediate host infective stage of filarial infection

A

microfilaria

222
Q

Final host infective stage of filarial infection

A

Filaform larval stage l3

MOT: bite of infected anthropods

223
Q

Most common identified filarial worms in the Philippineds

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancrofts Filarial Worm - common name

224
Q

Malayan Filarial worm

A

Brugia malayi

225
Q

Lymphatic rupture and fluid entering the urine seen as milky white appearance

226
Q

severe lymphedema of the limbs causes by filarial worm

A

elephantiasis

227
Q

vector of loa loa

A

mango fly
deer fly
tabanid fly
chrysop

228
Q

eyeworm

A

loa loa

causing calabar swelling
fugitive swelling

229
Q

causing river blindness
Blinding worm convoluted filaria

A

Onchocerca volvulus

Simulium spp Blackfly vector

230
Q

Skin snips diagnostic stage

A

Onchocerca volvulus

231
Q

Dog heartworm parasite

A

Dirofilaria immitis

232
Q

causes coin lesions in man

A

Dirofilaria immitis

233
Q

intermediate host of Dirofilaria immitis

A

cyclops
aquatic crustacean

MOT: ingestion

234
Q

Longest nematodes of man up to 1 meter

A

J. Dracunculus medinensis

235
Q

Known as Guinea worm, fiery serpent
serpent worm

A

J. Dracunculus medinensis

236
Q

Sheep liver fluke
Habitat: biliary duct/passages of the liver

A

Fasciola hepatica

237
Q

Giant liver fluke
tropical liver fluke

A

Fasciola gigantica
final host: cattles

238
Q

infective stage of liver flukes

A

metacercaria

239
Q

Chinese liver flukes
oriental liver fluke

A

Clonorchis sinensis
most important liver fluke in man
FH: Man

240
Q

intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis
1st IH
2nd IH

A

1st snail
2nd fish

MOT: ingestion of fish

241
Q

Pitcher-like appearnce egg
old fashioned bulb

A

Clonorchis sinensis

242
Q

largest fluke parasitizing men
common name: Giant/Large Intestinal fluke

A

Fasciolopsis buski

243
Q

reservoir of fasciolopsis

A

Pigs, dogs, rabbits

244
Q

snail
plants

A

1st and 2nd IH of Fasciola

245
Q

Garrisons fluke

A

Echinostoma ilocanum

Discovered among bilibid prisoners

246
Q

smallest fluke in man yet the deadliest

A

Heterophyes heterophyes
common name: Von Siebold’s fluke

247
Q

oriental lung fluke
causes endemic hemoptysis

A

Paragonimus westermani

248
Q

resemble coffee bean, ovoid fluke adult

A

paragonimus westermani

249
Q

observed crystals in sputum of P westermani infx px

A

Charcoat Leyden crystals

250
Q

standard test for P westermani

A

Complement fixation
useful in confirming infection and treatment

251
Q

MOT of P westermani

A

Ingestion of Crab Sundathelphusa philippina with metacercaria

252
Q

Pancreatic fluke

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

253
Q

causes oriental schistosomiasis or katayamas disease

A

Schistosoma japonicum

254
Q

infective stage of S.japnicum

A

cercaria
MOT: skin pentration Swimmers itch

255
Q

smallest egg among blood fluke
small lateral spine more rounded

A

S japonicum

256
Q

egg is non operculated with prominent spine lateral

257
Q

with prominent terminal spine egg

A

S haematobium

258
Q

specimen of Schistosoma haemotobium

A

24hr urine unpreserve between noon to 3pm

259
Q

confirmatory test for schistosoma

A

circumoval precipitin test COPT
+ bleb formation

260
Q

antibody detection for schistosoma

A

fast elisa

261
Q

Largest tapeworm of man known as broad fish tapeworm

A

Diphyllobothrium latum/ Dibothriocephalus latus

262
Q

shape of D latus scolex and uterus

A

Spatulate/ spoon shaped
uterus: rosette

263
Q

Pathology of D latus

A

Megaloblastic anemia
vitamin b12 deficiency

264
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

265
Q

infective stage of T saginata

A

cysticercus bovis larva

266
Q

What are the diagnostic lab for taenia saginata

A

Perianal swab
Double slide compression technique

267
Q

clearing of lactophenol for 30mins
injecting india ink dye
count the uterine branches

A

Taenia saginata

268
Q

pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

269
Q

T saginata intermediate host

A

cattle cows camelsT

270
Q

T solium intermediate host

271
Q

Scolex with rostellum armed wth two rows large and small hooklets

272
Q

How many lateral branches does T saginata have

A

15 to 20 lateral branches tree-like

273
Q

How many lateral branches does T solium has

A

7 to 13 dendritic or finger like

274
Q

dwarf tapeworm smallest tapeworm infecting man

most common cestode in man

A

Hymenolepis nana

RMT AUG 2024 (12 decks)

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