MICRO EXAMS Flashcards
A single ASO titer is considered to be moderately elevated if the titer is at least _____ Todd units in a child.
320 Todd Units
In addition to Enterococcus faecalis, which other streptococci will grow in 6.5% salt broth?
Group B streptococci
When streaking a throat culture on 5% sheep blood agar, stabbing the agar plate provides enhanced detection for:
Streptolysin O - subsurface hemolysis
Susceptibility testing performed on quality control organisms using a new media lot number yielded zone sizes that were too large for all antibiotics tested. The testing was repeated using media from a previously used lot number, and all zone sizes were acceptable. Which of the following best explains the unacceptable zone sizes?
The depth of the media was too thin
In a disk diffusion susceptibility test, which of the following can result if disks are placed on the inoculated media and left at room temperature for an hour before incubation?
Zones of larger diameter would result
Gram stain examination from a blood culture bottle shows dark blue, spherical organisms in clusters. Growth on sheep blood agar shows small, round, pale yellow colonies. Further tests should include:
Catalase production and coagulase test
Which of the following tests should be used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus intermedius?
Acetoin
Streptolysin O:
Antigenic
Neufeld reaction Quellung capsular swelling replaced by
Molecular test
Tumbling motility is characteristic of:
Listeria
Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus are both:
Anaerobic gram-positive cocci
Propionobacteria are:
Anaerobic gram-positive rods
Transgrow is a transport medium for:
Gonococci and meningococci
The unique chemical structure of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. is associated with the presence of:
N-glycolylmuramic acid and an increase in lipid content
The heat resistance of bacterial spores, such as those of Bacillus anthracis, is partly attributable to their dehydrated state and partly to the presence of large amounts of:
Calcium dipicolinate
The use of 0.1% fuchsin substituted for safranin in the Gram-stain procedure may enhance the visibility of the organisms:
Legionella
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain can be used for demonstration of:
Spores
The Schaeffer–Fulton stain can be used for demonstration of:
Spores
The Leifson stain can be used for demonstration of:
Flagella
Which statement correctly describes the mode of action of the antibiotic listed for modified Thayer-Martin medium?
Nystatin inhibits fungi and molds
Select the medium best suited for the recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica from a patient with gastroenteritis:
Cefsulodin–Irgasan–Novobiocin (CIN) agar
Which procedure is appropriate for culture of genital specimens in order to recover Chlamydia spp.?
Inoculate cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells
PYR test
pyrrolidonyl arylamidase
Substrate of PYR
L-pyrrolidonyl-B-naphthylamide
Skin test for Pneumococcal antibodies
Francis test
Assoc disease of S.bovis
Gastrointestinal malignancy
Special agar for nutritional variant streptococci
Agar with Cysteine or Pyridoxal Vitamin B6
Satelliting streptococci
Thiol requiring streptoco
- Strep adjacens
- Strep defectivus
Satellitism: dew drop
Staph streak test
H.influenzaw around S.aereus
Factor to convert immunoglobulin value from mg/dL to g/L:
0.01
Anaerobe
• 0-0% - O2
• 5-10% - CO2
• 5-10% - H2
• 80-90% - N2
Capnophilic
• O2 - 15%
• CO2 - 5-10%
Capnophilic
• O2 - 15%
• CO2 - 5-10%
Microaerophile
• O2 - 10%
Aerobic
• O2 - 21%
• CO2 - 0.03%
Seventy (70) % recirculated to the cabinet work area through HEPA; 30% balance can be exhausted through HEPA back into the room or to outside through a canopy unit:
*
BSC Class II: A1
Thirty (30) % recirculated, 70% exhausted. Exhaust cabinet air must pass through a dedicated duct to the outside through a HEPA filter:
BSC Class II: B1
CSF specimens must be transported in the laboratory:
Less than 15mins
Cerebrospinal fluid from a febrile 25-year-old man with possible meningitis is rushed to the laboratory for a stat Gram stain and culture. While performing the Gram stain, the technologist accidentally spills most of the specimen. The smear shows many neutrophils and no microorganisms. Since there is only enough CSF to inoculate one plate, the technologist should use a:
Chocolate agar plate: Enriched media such as chocolate agar has no inhibitory effects on bacterial growth and contains additional nutrients that support the growth of fastidious organisms such as H. influenzae and Neisseria.
A urine Gram stain shows gram-positive cocci in clusters. The organism tested catalase positive. To speciate this organism from culture, the technician should perform a coagulase test and a/an:
Novobiocin susceptibility: Between CoNs agad mga staph. S.aereus- Coag +
Novobio S - S.epid
Novobio R - S.sapro
Which of the following tests should be used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus intermedius?
Acetoin: imvic
Streptolysin O:
Oxygen labile
Antigenic
Non surface
A vaginal/rectal swab is collected from a pregnant patient to screen for group B Streptococcus colonization. What is the best medium to use for specimen inoculation?
LIM broth (Todd-Hewitt broth with colistin and nalidixic acid): The swab(s) should be inoculated into a selective broth medium such as LIM broth (Todd-Hewitt broth with colistin and nalidixic acid). The use of vaginal/rectal swabs and selective broth medium greatly increases the recovery of GBS.
In addition to Enterococcus faecalis, which other streptococci will grow in 6.5% salt broth?
Group B streptococci
Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar is a highly selective medium used for the recovery of which bacteria?
Enterobacteriaceae from gastrointestinal specimens:
XLD agar is selective for gram-negative coliforms because of a high concentration (0.25%) of deoxycholate, which inhibits gram-positive bacteria.
SITUATION: A group of elementary students became ill after eating undercooked ground beef prepared in the school cafeteria. The suspected pathogen, E. coli serotype 0157:H7, is usually recovered using which of the following media?
MacConkey agar with sorbitol
A positive Simmons citrate test is seen as a:
Blue color in the medium after 24 hours of incubation at 35°C
Which of the following reagents is added to detect the production of indole?
p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
Fever, abdominal cramping, watery stools, and fluid and electrolyte loss preceded by bloody stools 2–3 days before is characteristic of shigellosis but may also result from infection with:
Campylobacter spp.
A liquid fecal specimen from a three-month-old infant is submitted for microbiological examination. In addition to culture on routine media for Salmonella and Shigella, this specimen should be routinely:
Examined for the presence of Campylobacter sp
Enterobacter sakazakii can best be differentiated from Enterobacter cloacae by which of the following characteristics?
Yellow pigmentation and negative sorbitol fermentation
Which single test best separates Klebsiella oxytoca from K. pneumoniae?
Indole
Three blood cultures taken from a 30-year-old cancer patient receiving chemotherapy and admitted with a urinary tract infection grew lactose-negative, motile, gram-negative rods prior to antibiotic therapy. Given the following biochemical reactions, which is most likely organism?
Proteus vulgaris
Which tests are most appropriate to differentiate between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida?
Mannitol, nitrate reduction, growth at 42°C
Which Pseudomonas is usually associated with a lung infection related to cystic fibrosis?
P. aeruginosa
Which of the listed Pseudomonas spp. is associated with the following virulence factors: exotoxin A, endotoxins, proteolytic enzymes, antimicrobial resistance, and production of alginate?
P. aeruginosa
A blood culture bottle with macroscopic signs of growth is Gram stained and the technician notes small, curved gram-negative bacilli resembling “gull wings.” It is subcultured to blood and chocolate agar, and incubated aerobically and anaerobically. After 24 hours, no growth is apparent. The next step should be to:
Subculture the bottle, and incubate in microaerophilic conditions
A gastroenterologist submits a gastric biopsy from a patient with a peptic ulcer. To obtain presumptive evidence of Helicobacter pylori, a portion of the specimen should be added to which media?
Urea broth
Which group of tests best differentiates Helicobacter pylori from C. jejuni?
Urease, nitrate, and hippurate hydrolysis
Smooth gray colonies showing no hemolysis are recovered from an infected cat scratch on blood and chocolate agar but fail to grow on MacConkey agar. The organisms are gram-negative pleomorphic rods that are both catalase and oxidase positive and strongly indole positive. The most likely organism is:
Pasteurella spp.
Which of the following plates should be used in order to identify Haemophilus haemolyticus and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus?
Horse blood agar and Mueller–Hinton agar with X and V strips
Which Haemophilus species is difficult to isolate and recover from genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes?
H ducreyi
A gram-negative, fastidious bacillus that has been isolated from air-conditioning towers:
Legionella pneumophila
“Chocolate cake” or “burnt chocolate” smell
Proteus spp.
Fruity or grapelike smell, corn tortilla-like odor:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fruity or grapelike smell, corn tortilla-like odor:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Musty or mushroom odor:
Pasteurella multocida
Smell of ammonium cyanide (almond-like):
Chromobacterium violaceum
Oxidase and urease positive:
B. bronchiseptica
Oxidase negative, urease positive
B. parapertussis
Semisolid transport media such as Amies, Stuart, or Cary–Blair are suitable for the transport of swabs for culture of most pathogens except:
Specimens for culture of N. gonorrhoeae are best if plated immediately or transported in a medium containing activated charcoal to absorb inhibitory substances that hinder their recovery.
Putrescine is an alkaline amine product of which bacterial enzyme?
Ornithine
Putrescine is the amine product of the decarboxylation of ornithine.
Which of the following organisms are transmitted to animals and humans after a tick bite?
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma spp.
The manganous chloride–urea test is used for the identification of which organism?
Ureaplasma urealyticum
U. urealyticum is the only human mycoplasma that hydrolyzes urea. The manganous chloride–urea test utilizes manganous chloride (MnCl2) in the presence of urea. Urease produced by the organism hydrolyzes the urea to ammonia.
Which test is the most reliable for the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum and for the confirmation of diagnosis?
EIA testing and direct antigen testing
Adults may fail to produce an IgM response especially in recurrent infections, so the best confirmatory approach is a combination of EIA and direct antigen testing.
Which organism typically produces “fried-egg” colonies on agar within 1–5 days of culture from a genital specimen?
Mycoplasma hominis
Primary atypical pneumonia is caused by:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A common cause of respiratory tract illness, M. pneumoniae, generally causes a self-limited infection (3–10 days) and usually does not require antibiotic therapy. M. pneumoniae can be cultured from the upper and lower respiratory tracts onto specially enriched (diphasic) media, but is most frequently diagnosed by the change in antibody titer from acute to convalescent serum using enzyme immunoassay or other serological methods.
Which is the test of choice for the confirmation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in urine?
PCR is both sensitive and specific and may be performed on urine.
Which procedure is appropriate for culture of genital specimens in order to recover Chlamydia spp.?
Inoculate cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells
Routine laboratory testing for Treponema pallidum involves:
Serological analysis
The diagnostic method most commonly used for the identification of Lyme disease is:
Serology
Serological analysis using immunofluorescence or an enzyme immunoassay is the method of choice for diagnosis of Lyme disease.
Which of the following Mycobacterium spp. would be most likely to grow on a MacConkey agar plate?
M. chelonae–fortuitum complex
Mycobacteria growing on MacConkey agar are usually nonpathogens. M. chelonae and M. fortuitum are both nonpathogenic rapid growers that will grow on MacConkey agar (with no crystal violet) within 5 days.
Which of the following Mycobacterium species is diagnosed by means other than culture?
M. leprae
M. leprae and M. microti are different from all other mycobacteria because they cannot be cultured in vitro.
Which mycobacterium is associated with Crohn’s disease?
M. paratuberculosis
Which mycobacterium is associated with Crohn’s disease?
M. paratuberculosis
Which nonpathogenic Mycobacterium specie is isolated most often from clinical specimens and is called the “tapwater bacillus”?
M. gordonae
Which M. avium complex (MAC) organism is the most frequently isolated mycobacterium from AIDS patients?
M. avium
Which of the following Mycobacterium spp. is best differentiated by the rapid hydrolysis of Tween 80?
M kansaii
Growth inhibition by thiophene-2-carboxylichydrazide (T2H) is used to differentiate M. tuberculosis from which other Mycobacterium sp.:
M. bovis
Which organism, associated with tuberculosis in cattle, causes tuberculosis in humans, especially in regions where dairy farming is prevalent?
Mycobacterium bovis
All of the following Mycobacterium spp. produce the enzyme required to convert niacin to niacin ribonucleotide except:
M. tuberculosis
A gram-positive (gram-variable), beaded organism with delicate branching was recovered from the sputum of a 20-year-old patient with leukemia. The specimen produced orange, glabrous, waxy colonies on Middlebrook’s agar that showed partial acid-fast staining with the modified Kinyoun stain. What is the most likely identification?
Nocardia spp.
Establishing the pathogenicity of a microorganism isolated from a child’s throat and identified as Corynebacterium diphtheriae would depend upon:
A positive toxigenicity test
In order to determine if an isolate of Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces toxin, testing for the presence of diphtheria toxin must be performed using methods such as Elek test or PCR.
Methods other than packaged microsystems used to identify anaerobes include:
Gas–liquid chromatography (GLC)
Anaerobic bacteria can be identified by analysis of metabolic products using gas–liquid chromatography. Results are evaluated along with Gram staining characteristics, spore formation, and cellular morphology in order to make the identification.
Identification of Clostridium tetani is based upon:
Clinical findings
The culture and Gram stain of the puncture wound site usually does not produce any evidence of C. tetani. The diagnosis is usually based upon clinical findings, which are characterized by spastic muscle contractions, lockjaw, and backward arching of the back caused by muscle contraction.
Which spore type and location is found on Clostridium tetani?
Round, terminal spores
Which mechanism is responsible for botulism in infants caused by Clostridium botulinum?
Ingestion of spores in food or liquid
The classic form of foodborne botulism is characterized by the ingestion of:
Preformed toxin in food
Which of the following organisms will display lipase activity on egg yolk agar?
LIPASE + C. botulinum, C. sporogenes and C. novyi.
Feather-edged colonies usually surrounded by zone of green discoloration; produces a highly characteristic, fruity odor resembling apples or strawberries:
Alcaligenes faecalis
Which method is most useful for confirmation that a culture isolate is Group B streptococcus?
Direct hybridization
Salmonella-Shigella (SS) Agar is a modification of:
DCA
Possible cause of bulky or frothy stool:
Pancreatic disorder
Fruity or grapelike smell, corn tortilla-like odor:
P. aeroginosa
Fruity or grapelike smell, corn tortilla-like odor:
P. aeroginosa
Smell of ammonium cyanide (almond-like):
Chromobacterium violaceum
A gram-negative diplococcus that grows on modified Thayer-Martin medium can be further confirmed as Neisseria gonorrhoeae if it is:
Oxidase positive and glucose positive, maltose negative
Known as Koch’ bacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is thr virulence factor of M. tb?
Cord factor
Serpentine cords
M.tb