Paper2 Flashcards
Pharmaconomy definition
Subjects dealing with routes or channels of administration of drugs and medicines
Routes of administration aphorisms and tell types of routes
285-286 aphorisms
1) By oral route
2) By olfaction
3) application on skin
4) others :eye ear
Drug definition- it is a therapeutic agent prepared pharmaceutically from standardized drug substance a/c to rules & regulations of pharmacopeia,
Which is sufficiently 🧢able of affecting vitality of living organism by altering sensations & functions, even the structural change may be cause of death if continued for sufficient tym & dose
Types of drugs 3
Mother tinctures
Mother solution
Mother substance
Pharmacopollaxy
Repetition of doses or medicamental repetition
Repetition
Minute yet powerful dose, of best selected medicine ,should be repeated, at suitable interval
Factors responsible for repetition of doses
1) condition & progress of patient
2) nature of disease
3) nature of remedy
Magma or pulp
Thick residue of soft doughy mass ( molten mass ) resulting from expression or extraction of fluid part of pounded fresh plant
Oil of wintergreen source
గౌల్ తెరియ ప్రగ్రన్ తిసమ
Oil distilled from fresh plant Gaul-theria fragran-tissima
Wintergreen oil uses
Gout or Rheumatism
Pruritus / itchy skin
Sciatica
Epididymitis
Characters of wintergreen oil 3
Colour less
Strong Odour
Pungent smell
Decantation definition
Process of slowly & carefully pouring out liquids, from one vessel to another without disturbing the sediments ,that have been accumulated at bottom of liquid.
Uses of decantation
This method is used in cases of mother tincture or solution or other liquid preparation, for making them bright 🔆 by removing insoluble solid contents
Active principles or resinoids
Precipitates in powdered form obtained by mixing a strong alcoholic mother tincture of given plant with 3-4 times of water.all alcoholic substances are precipitated, these r collected dried and pulverised know as resinoids
Examples of resinoids
Aconitin - aconitum napellus
Atropin - belladona
Bryonin- bryonia alba
Morphin - opium
Gelsemin- gelsemium sem- per-virens
Inprocess quality control includes
Every step of preparation from raw material to finished products, it is critical to ensure purity & safety of homoeopathic medicines
Manufacturers should have GMP certificate called _________?
GMP guidelines described in schedule M1 is for?
GMP means Good Manufacturing Practice certificate is mandatory
Guidelines in schedule M1 rule 85-E2 are designed for drug manufacturing units to know Quality, Efficiency, Safety of their products for benefit of consumer
Spermaceti or ceta-ceum
Source పైసేటర్ మాక్రో సేపాలస్ లిరిన్
Constituents
Waxy substance obtained from head of sperm ,🐳whale “ PHYS-eter macrocephalus Li-rin”
Constituents: cetin or acetyl palmitate
Uses of spermaceti, storage
These are solid fatty substances give Consistency to cerates & ointments as in water ointments
Stored in well closed containers
Preparation of spermaceti
Forceful expression of oily material in the head of sperm whale ,to separate liquid portion called sperm oil (lq wax) from solid fat termed as Cetin / acetyl palmitate
Properties of spermaceti
1) white translucent, pearly lustre,
2) faint odour
3) bland milk taste
4) solubility : insoluble in water alcohol but soluble in boiling alcohol
5) free from rancidity (kept in open they are not spoiled)
Purification of SL (stapf process) 7p
Lab method : crystallisation
1) 450gm cryst.lactose+2lit boiling H2O
2) mixture filtered in hot state
3) mixed with 2lit of absolute alcohol
4) 3-4 days ,dark place,crystallized
5) deposits of crystals seen at bottom
6) crystal mass washed with water
7) dried pressed b/w filter paper
Class 8 preparation introduction
Class include those medical substances which are neither soluble in purified water nor in alcohol, subjected to trituration with Sugar of milk SL
