Paper 1 Flashcards
Pharmacodynamics
Branch of homoeopathic pharmacology
Helps to acquire knowledge about the dynamic action of drugs and effect of drugs on healthy organisms
Glycerol
Mixtures of mother tincture in glycerine, much viscous with jelly like consistency
Principle of glycerol and examples
One part by wt or vol of MT is mixed with nine parts of glycerine ( 1:9 )
Ex: calendula,hydrastis,borax glycerols
Uses of glycerols
Anti fungal,anti bacterial, anti pruritic
Mostly used for gingivitis and stomatitis
Tow
Obstruction made of porous material placed above the neck and below the powdered drug substance
It has 4 layers
What are the 4 layer from below upward
1) plug of absorbent COTTON
2) layer of 1/4 thick min coarse sand
3) layer of 1/2 thick medium coarse sand
4) layer of max coarse sand
Isinglass- semi solid vehicle
Collagen derived inner thin shiny silver layer of air bladder of some fishes
Ex: Sturgeon carps catfishes
Properties of isinglass 5p
Whitish or yellowish
Semi transparent
Tasteless
Odour less
Tough, fibrous
Uses of isinglass
Component of calendula and arnica plasters
Imponderableilia - direct physical energy medicine
These medicines utilise energy directly available from natural and physical reactions
Sources of imponderableilia 7p
Electromagnetic magnetic nuclear gravitational thermal electrostatic cosmetic
Examples of natural sources
1) Magnetis poli ambo-
2) Magnetis polus Arcticus-
3) Magnetis polus australis-
4) Luna- and 5) sol-
1) from both poles of magnet
2) from North Pole “ “
3) from South Pole “ “
4) from light rays of full moon
5) from sunlight
Examples of artificial sources
1) magnetis artificialis
2) x ray
3) radium bromide
4) electricitus
1) frm artificial magnet
2) frm x-rays
3) frm radioactive element
4) frm electric current
spatula uses
1) stainless steel spatula
2) horn or solid hard rubber spatula
1) to LOOSEN powdered material as it becomes packed on inner side of mortar
2) when CORROSIVE substance capable of reacting with steel
Spider grp drugs
Aranea avicularis
Aranea diadema
Ara- nea sci-nen-cia
Tarentula cubensis
Tarentula hispanica
Pharmacognacy
Branch of pharmacy deals with
1) physical characteristics
2) botanical sources of crude drug
Pharmacognasy - phy characteristics 5p
Identification
Composition
Purity
Preservation
Commerce ( buying and selling drug in large scale )
Pharmacognacy - botanical characteristics 6p
Source, history,collection, cultivation, distribution, preparation
Expand SOS, SL
HD, HS
SOS- if necessary
SL- sugar of milk
HD/ HS - at bed time
Posology means
Doctrine of doses of medicine
Homoeopathic dose means
Particular preparation of medicine using potency, quantity, form, no.of administration of medicine
Maximum dose
Largest possible amount of medicine which is not harmful to human life which can be taken at a tym
Maximum dose should not be used for treatment purpose except in cases of_______________
Primary manifestation of psora , sycosis and syphilis
Lethal / fatal / toxicological / narcotic dose means
Amount of dose which can cause death of living being
Minimal lethal dose
Smallest amount of dose recorded as fatal to healthy person
Booster dose
A dose which is given to enhance the action of initial dose
Fractional / refractive / divided dose
Fraction of full dose ,which is taken at short intervals
Minimum dose
Smallest amount of medicine produce least possible excitation of vital force , yet sufficient to effect necessary change in it
Curative in action, non toxic in nature, benificial to patients
Collection of plant kingdom substances intro
Should be done by experienced & qualified BOTANIST having knowledge of Taxonomy&systemic botany ,basic knowledge of homoeo pharmacy
General rules of collection of plant kingdom
1) regarding character of plant
2) regarding tym of collection
3) regarding cleaning of drug material after collection
Particular rules of collection of plant kingdom
Plants parts used for preparation of MT(Q) &mother substance(O) are collected at spsfic tym
General rules:
1) regarding character 5p
1) indigenous plants only collected
2) wild plants(more effective &more med value)»plants cultivated in garden» plants in botanical garden( not used fr med purpose)
3) healthy,fresh, perfect plants r used
4) old age plants, sickly looking, decayed are discarded
5) high med activity plant-perfectonces
General rules:
2) regarding time of collection 4p
1) in dry sunny weather
2) in mornings
3) just after due is disappeared
4)when plant med virtue is greatest
General rules:
3) Regarding cleansing
1) no part of plant is eroded
2) large amount of water is not used
Sugar of milk (saccharum lactis/ lactose) etiology ,prepare from
Saccharum— sugar, lactes—milk
Prepared from GOATS MILK
It is a disaccharide
SL chemical nature & formula
1unit beta- galactose + 1unit levo glucose = SAC LAC
Formula— C12H22O11H2O
Goats milk composition 6p
1) proteins( lacto albumin, globulin,
2) fats casinogen )
3) lactose
4) minerals
5) salts
6) water
Fluid portion & solid portion
Fluid– lactose+ water
Solid–proteins+ salts+minerals
Fats are lost while skimming
Solid portion removed from liquid portion by___________&_________.
Resulting filtrate is called as?
Dil.Hcl & filtration
Filtrate is called as WHEY
Scales for tituration & succusion
Trituration succusion
Decimal decimal
Centesimal centesimal
50 millesimal
Decimal scale application 3p
1) for potentisation in old method
2) used to make lower potencies especially up to 6X
3) in modern method only decimal scale is used
In decimal scale ,trituration is done upto _____ potency only and then 8X ___________ potencies are prepared
Upto 6X only prepared next from 8X potencies are LIQUID potencies
In centismal scale, trituration is done up to _____potency and then _______ LIQUID potencies are prepared
Upto 3C and then 4C potencies r liquid potencies
Chemical action
1) Depends on chemical affinity which exists between drug and body tissue
2) It is independent of vitality /liveliness
Doctrine of signature definition
Means signs of nature
Parts of human body having a THERAPEUTIC relationship and same plant or its parts can be used for diseases of particular organ
Metric system— internationally accepted DECIMAL system of weight and measures except USA UK
Advantages: ?
1) units are divided into tenth
2) unit of vol and length are related
3) unit of vol comparable to weight
Metric system fundamental units:
1) unit of length
Meter– is defined as distance between two lines at zero degree celcius on platinum and iridium
Metric system: Unit of capacity
Litre– vol occupied by mass of kg of water at 4 degree celcius
Subdivided into decilitre (tenth) , centilitre(hundredth) , millilitre (thousandth)
Metric system: unit of weight
Gram—weight of one MILLILITRE of water at 4 degree celcius
Maceration definition
It is a long process of Prepration of mother tincture from vegetable and animal substances under NTP a/c to new method
Maceration
1) tym required
2) drug substances used
3) MT never obtained directly becoz?
4) mestrum is added for?
1) 2-4 weeks
2) hard , gummy, mucilagenous drug substances of fresh animals & plants
3) decantation is prior to filteration
4) for penetration into drug substance
Properties of ideal labaratory 6p
1) location and surroundings
2) Room
3) furniture
4) Arrangements
5) workers
6) lab equipments
Homoeo lab function
1)identifying and testing for purity and quality control of homoeopathic drugs
2) Determine standards for drug
3) Experiments utilised on large scale to prepare commercial quantity drugs
