Paper References

Question 1

Hip acetabular orientation in Chinese

Answer 1

Zhang et al., (2017)

Question 2

Mechanical properties of tendons change with age

Answer 2

O’Brien et al., (2010)

Question 3

Pictorial review of the distal tibfib syndesmosis and relation to ankle injuries

Answer 3

Hermans et al., (2010)

Question 4

Proposed a model taking into account structure, flexibility and function of foot to predict foot type

Answer 4

Schultzz et al., (2017)

Question 5

AC joint injury review of types and management

Answer 5

Warth et al., (2013)

Question 6

FDG PET of the rotator cuff muscles questioning the role of subscapularis

Answer 6

Omi et al., (2010)

Question 7

Protocol for determining which muscles should be targeted with botox to treat spasticity

Answer 7

Genet et al., (2017)

Question 8

Kinematic wrist coupling

Normal axes of rotation of wrist are skewed being neither aligned to anatomical planes or orthogonal to eachother

Answer 8

Nichols et al., (2016)

Question 9

Those with kneeo OA have different joint biomechanics to those without inlc:
Increased mid stance knee adduction moments, decreased peak knee flexion, hip flexion and hip extension moments
Only severe changes included reduced late stance knee extension

Answer 9

Astephen et al., (2008)

Question 10

Pts with OA adapt their gait to pain

Demonstrate lower walking speed, lower cadence, shorter step length and shorter single stance phase of affected leg

Answer 10

Bejek et al., (2006)

Question 11

Walking slower significantly decreased stride length

Stride period and width significantly increased

Answer 11

Thomas et al., (2017)

Question 12

Can change cadence, step length of both to walk faster

Answer 12

Ardestani et al., (2016)

Question 13

Stance phase duration and double support time decrease as cadence, stride length and velocity increase

Answer 13

Kirtley et al., (1985)

Question 14

Slope walking decreases the peak external knee abduction moment
Hip, knee and ankle become more flexed at foot strike and more extended during mid-stance

Answer 14

Haggerty et al., (2014)

Question 15

Uphill walking significantly increased joint compressive forces over all lower limb joints in 18 healthy males
Downhill walking significantly decreased ankle joint forces but significantly increased hip, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral forces

Answer 15

Alexander and Schwameder, (2016)

Question 16

Biomechanics of the lower limb
If OA in L hip beneficial to carry walking stick in R hand
Load is greater at medial side of the knee
Ankle has greater surface area
Subtalar joint as a mitred hinge

Answer 16

Monk, (2016)

Question 17

Acetabular labrum reconstruction via iliotibial band autografts and semitendinosus allografts

Answer 17

Lee et al., (2014)

Question 18

Variation in femoral stem ante/retroversion has greater effect than acetabular orientation on JCF and average muscle force after THA

Answer 18

Myers et al., (2018)

Question 19

Direct contact at distal tibfib syndesmosis found in 23 cadavers, in 7 a synovial plica extended between

Answer 19

Bartonicek et al., (2003)

Question 20

Improper rotation of tibial and femoral components leads to patellofemoral complications after TKA
Rotation of tibial will relatively change the position of the tibial tubercle

Answer 20

Rossi et al., (2010)

Question 21

Lateral wedge insoles with and without anti-pronatory device to treat medial compartment OA

Answer 21

Jones et al., (2013)

Question 22

Different types of feet have different structures
Malleolar valgus index and arch height index
Risk of injuries

Answer 22

Hillstrom et al., (2013)

Question 23

Big foot paper

Answer 23

Fraser et al., (2016)

Question 24

Deltoid-short rotator force-couple

Scpulohumeral rhythm

Answer 24

Lucas, (1973)

Question 25

Biomechanics of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Medialization of the glenosphere

Answer 25

Berliner et al., (2015)

Question 26

Dislocation of elbow joint most frequently occurs in posterolateral direction
Spreads from lateral to medial

Answer 26

Eygendaal et al., (2000)

Question 27

Radial head and coronoid process are significant posterolateral rotatory stabilisers as removal of both caused dislocation of all 7 cadaver elbows despite intact ligaments

Answer 27

Schneeberger et al., (2004)

Question 28

Ulna is primary load bearing bone of forearm
Axis of rotation of forearm not constant
Range of forearm supination increases as elbow flexion increases but pronation decreases

Answer 28

Lees, (2009)

Question 29

DRUJ, PRUJ and interosseous membrane shown to function as an intergrated osseoligamentous systm distributing applied load
PRUJ behaves similar to DRUJ re force transmission and contact area profiles
PRUJ does bear load

Answer 29

Malone et al., (2015)