Gait Flashcards
During gait where is the centre of force located with regards to the knee joint
Medial to the midline (though lateral compartment receives greater stresses)
During walking how is the weight of the body taken through the foot
Successively onto the heel, lateral border then ball of the foot.
The anterior pillar of the medial longitudinal arch is the last to leave the ground
How does the transference of body weight change through the foot from walking to running
During running the heel does not come in contact with the ground, yet the anterior pillar is still the last to leave the ground
What are the phases of gait/ walking
Toe-off
Carry-through
Heel-strike
Support
Describe the toe-off phase
To start Hip- extended, adducted and medially rotated Knee- extended Ankle- dorsiflexed to begin Toes- neutral but gripping the surface
Ankle is plantarflexed, toes are forced into extension then flex. Thrust from foot transmitted through the extended knee to the hip, pelvis and trunk
Describe the carry-through phase
Initially- hip is flexed and laterally rotated and pelvis pivots forward around supporting hip, knee is flexed, ankle is dorsiflexed and toes extend
Once foot passes under hip- hip is still flexed and laterally rotated, knee is extended, ankle and toes assume a neutral or slightly flexed position through dorsiflexion, foot also slightly inverted
Describe the heel-strike phase
From the carry through phase the foot is slightly inverted comes into contact via its lateral side
Hip is flexed, knee is extended, foot and toes are slightly dorsiflexed
Frictional forces from the ground drag on the heel and as it takes the weight of the body it is compressed and prepared for the next propulsive phase
Describe the support phase
Weight is taken on to foot with body moving forward
Hip extended, knee undergoes a small flexion wave, ankle is dorsiflexed, toes neutral
As the foot passes behind the line of the hip joint the muscles of the calf contract and the phase starts again
During the support phase what is extending the hip
During quiet walking is mostly the momentum of the body, during fast walking is aided by gluteus maximus and hamstrings
What maintains the level position of the pelvis during the support phase
The hip abductors of the hip planted particularly gluteus medius and minimus
When does the toe-off phase begin
As the supporting foot is powerfully plantarflexed
When does the carry-through phase begin
As the great toe leaves the ground
When does the heel-strike phase begin
When the heel hits the ground
