Classification of terms Flashcards
What is active movement
Movement brought about by the patients own muscles, range is usually less than passive movement
What is passive movement
Movement brought about by the patient or physician moving the joint without any muscle action, range is usually greater than active movement as doesn’t depend on muscle strength but rather joint capability
True flexion of the ankle is also known as
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion of the ankle is actually
True extension of the ankle
Concentric muscle contraction is
When a muscle is contracting and shortening
What is eccentric muscle contraction
When a muscle in contracting but lengthening- usually to act against gravity
e.g. quads contract during squatting even though they are lengthening, are acting to prevent collapsing onto ground
How is isometric muscle action defined
When the muscle is contracting but neither lengthening nor shortening, for example, abdominal muscles during planking
Define the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of a muscle
It is the widest area of the cross section of a muscle, at right angles to the direction of muscle fibres
What does the PCSA represent
An accurate representation of the no, of muscle fibres as it does not just measure the cross section of the muscle but takes into account the direction of muscle fibres. It is therefore also a representation of the force able to be generated within that muscle
What are the 3 things that affect the stability of a joint
Bony congruency
Ligaments and other supporting structures
Surrounding muscle tone
Stability of a joint infers?
How easily it is dislocated
An unstable joint is one that is easily dislocated
A stable joint is on which does not dislocate easily
What are the bones of the pectoral girdle
The scapula and clavicle
Difference between the shoulder joint and pectoral girdle
Pectoral girdle = scapula and clavicle
Shoulder joint= humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula
Are not the same but movement at one is always accompanied by movement at the other
When describing true flexion/ extension/ abduction/ adduction of the shoulder what plane is movement in
The scapular plane, if movement in cardinal plane is really combination of these movements
How does the forearm lie when it is supine
This is the anatomical position, the palm faces up and the bones of the forearm are parallel
