PAPER 2- Reasons For The Failure Of The 1848/49 Revolutions

Question 1

Causes

Answer 1

Nationalism and liberalism
Wanted Austria out
Bad harvest - outbreak of cholera
Repressive governments - wanted a say

Question 2

Where

Answer 2

Sicily , Naples, Rome , Tuscany, Venetia, Lombardy and piedmont

Question 3

Results : short term

Answer 3

Temporary constitution in Naples + Tuscany
Venetia declare a republic before surrendering due to an outbreak of cholera
Roman republic
Charles Albert grants the statuto of piedmont

Question 4

Results : long term

Answer 4

Sicily Ferdinand squashes the parliament in April 1849
August 1849 Venetia forced to surrender
June 1849- 20000 french troops enter the city
All revolutionaries move to piedmont

Question 5

French intervention

Answer 5

The National Assembly of France noted to send forces to Rome to restore the pope
20,000 french troops destroyed the roman republic
Napoleon interested in reassuring french catholics wanting to see the pope restored

Question 6

Papacy

Answer 6

Pope Pius appointed the anti liberal count Rossi in sept 1848- re arrests political prisoners, book burning and more censorship
Pius issued the allocation in April 1848 stating the war with Austria doesn’t have his blessing

Question 7

Weakness of piedmont

Answer 7

Charles Albert refused to accept solders outside of piedmont
An independent army was too weak to take on foreign intervention
30000 french troops on their border
July 1848 defeated at the battle of custozza

Question 8

Lack of unity and popular support

Answer 8

The duchies and piedmont wanted a constitution / Rome and Venetia wanted republics / Sicily and Naples wanted independence and a constitution
Charles Albert lacked the support of the popes forces

Question 9

Lack of international support

Answer 9

Lost or forced to surrender at battles due to weakness
June 1848 the British foreign secretary , lord palmerston encouraged the Austrians to abandon northern Italy
France and Britain act as mediators between Piedmontese and Austria but needed Military support

Question 10

Austria

Answer 10

The defeats suffered by the Piedmontese at custozza in July 1848, novata in march 1849 as well as the collapse of the Venetian republic in august 1849 showed the continuing strength