PAPER 2- Obstacles To Italian Unification 1862-67

Question 1

Austria

Answer 1

Power being weakened by the increase of Prussia who made a treaty with France
Support of the great powers in Europe
Maintained a large army in Venetia

Question 2

South

Answer 2

Loyalties to the bourbons
Piedmontese politicians had little understanding of the south
Mafia were able to corrupt the voting system
E.g the casati law made primary education compulsory which couldn’t be put in place in the south as the majority of them were illiterate

Question 3

France

Answer 3

(Solved in 1870)
20,000 french troops in Rome that would not be withdrawn
September convention 1864 napoleon agreed to evacuate if the capital went from Turin to Florence …. Riots in turn (23 died)

Question 4

Papacy

Answer 4

Lost 2/3 land to the new kingdom
1869 Vatican council announced the dogma of papal infallibility
Syllabus of errors in response to the new state : church to retain temporal power
20th sept 1870 defeated popes forces

Question 5

Lack of social unity: brigands

Answer 5

1861- 25000 took to the hills to avoid military service
By 1862 there were 82000 brigands
Civil war claimed more lives than all the wars of unification
By 1865 there were. 90,000 and they were defeated with strict rules e.g massacres
Long term: north/ south divide

Question 6

Piedmontisation

Answer 6

53 decrees in 2 days
Ignorance of regional affairs in Sicily and Naples e.g mafia able to corrupt the legal system
Lack of resources : south became a drain
Education had to be paid for by the church: desolution of 2382 monasteries

Question 7

Lack of political unity

Answer 7

June 1861 death of Cavour
Electorate made of 2% which only half of them did vote due to the pope
Government made up of Piedmontese nobility
Succession of 5 pm’s
1862 Garibaldi set up the society for the emancipation of Rome and attempted to attack … ratazzi forced to stop him so seen as anti nationalist