Entrance Exams: Poor Relief After 1834 Flashcards

1
Q

By 1862 how much did indoor relief cost in comparison to outdoor relief

A

Costs 4s 8d to keep a pauper in an institution

2s 3D to maintain a pauper on outdoor relief

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2
Q

When was outdoor relief ended

A

1844 led to opposition in the north as the workhouses didn’t fit the cyclical structure of their poverty

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3
Q

Andover workhouse scandal

A

1846
Inmates were kept on the edge of starvation so resorted to eating meat left on the bones they had to crush
Those who entered the workhouse were treated like criminals
Led to the poor law commission being dissolved and replaced by a poor law board in 1847

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4
Q

Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham

A

Wanted a national charity organisation to deal with the poor and create industry houses
His ideas were fed through Edwin Chadwick who was opposing Ed as poor law commission secretary

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5
Q

Robert Owen

A

Advocated for treating people and then they would help themselves

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6
Q

Self help

A

In response to high levels of pauperism and a desire to replace responsibility to the paupers themselves
Samuel smiles - publication of self help in 1859

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7
Q

Growth of charity

A

A result of the end of outdoor relief and philanthropic enterprises
Charity organisation 1869 - distinguished between the ‘deserving and ‘undeserving’ poor.
Gave a chance for affluent women to participate in public affairs

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8
Q

Ideas of less eligibility

A

Made poor relief so harsh that only the most destitute and those truly unable to help themselves would apply for it
Sepearted families
In return for 10hour work day they would receive a bed and a basic diet

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9
Q

Example of less eligibility

A

The spike in Guildford where inmates were made to break stones all day

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10
Q

How did less eligibility change

A

Attitudes towards the poor changed so by the end of the period they were treated better then at the start

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11
Q

Thomas Carlyle

A

‘Past and Present’ published in 1843 referred to workhouses as ‘poor law prison

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12
Q

The Lancet

A

In 1865 the medical journal undertook a medical investigation of London workhouses

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13
Q

Impacts of the Andover workhouse scandal

A

Led to the poor law commission being dissolved and replaced by a poor law board in 1847
Reported by the editor of the times so exposed the realities

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14
Q

Poor law commission

A

Organised 15000 existing parishes into 600 larger unions to allow for larger workhouses to be built

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15
Q

Guardians of the poor law

A

Responsible for finding funds to build new workhouses : funds were raised through the poor rate: by 1839 330 workhouses had been built .

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16
Q

Evaluation of the growth of charity

A
Appeals to the middle class as a way to help the poor without paying as much poor rate 
Helps affluent women move into the public sphere
17
Q

Political party opposition to the poor law

A

Tories objected to the centralised nature of this new system particularly the co-ordination of the new legislation by boards of guardians.

18
Q

How did The Times oppose the act

A

30th April 1834 ran an ongoing debate on the legislation with the morning chronicle

19
Q

Money or blood riots

A

May 1835 in Bedfordshire rioters demanded ‘money or blood’
Which resulted in 4 men being arrested
Another similar event in Suffolk
Were prompted by the removal of outdoor relief

20
Q

Reaction in the south

A

By 1836 the workhouses were well established as the riots that took place weren’t well organised and lack of co-ordination between riots

21
Q

Reaction in the north

A

MP’s Michael Sadler and Richard Oastler were prominent in the earlier factory reform and gave the north a more organised means
The new poor law didn’t address the norths needs
After 1837 economic depression the north reacted aggressively when they were denied the relief they needed -riots in Bradford and Dewsbury

22
Q

Middle class reaction in the north

A

Outraged by the more interventionist act
And formed an alliance with the w/c
Lead to the board of guardians being allowing to continue giving outdoor relief in 1838 .

23
Q

Cost of poor relief

A

Speenhamland system encouraged landowners to make money out of the low wages that were supplemented by poor relief
Dependence on poor relief grew from industrialisation
Scandals were a consequence of cost saving that was written into the act e.g Andover workhouse scandal