Living + Working In Industrial Britain

Question 1

Back to back housing

Answer 1

Very efficient and minimised building costs - they were only 4 metres wide and one room deep with very limited natural light

Question 2

By 1801 how much of the population lived in back to back housing

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

Sanitation

Answer 3

Existing water supples from wells were at a premium and drainage systems were insufficient to meet demands

Question 4

Effect of sanitation

Answer 4

The general lack of hygiene led to outbreaks of influenza and cholera such as the first major outbreak of cholera in Sunderland in 1831 which killed around 32000 people

Question 5

Richard Arkwright

Answer 5

Set up Crompton mill in 1771 which employed more than 300people

Question 6

Purpose of factories

Answer 6

Created a profit which meant that the workers experience was put a cost and before the factory in 1835 there was limited legislation regrading working hours so men often undertook 14 hour days

Question 7

Fine for being late

Answer 7

For being 2 minutes late they could be fined 2nhours wages

Question 8

Increased production of miners

Answer 8

Between 1770 and 1850 the production went from six million to 55 million tons

Question 9

Working hours

Answer 9

Shifts of 12 hours a day, six days a week and they hadn’t permanently employed them so the min owners wasn’t objected to give a certain amount of hours

Question 10

Separate spheres

Answer 10

Idea that became very popular in the mid 1800s where men and women occupied different roles and had separate spheres in society

Question 11

View of women

Answer 11

To the employer they were useful as they could be payed less money and undertake work their male counterparts wouldn’t e.g operating the windlass which brought up coal and lowered men down

Question 12

By 1821 what percentage of the working population was under 20

Answer 12

49%

Question 13

View of children

Answer 13

Useful because of their size and could be employed as scavengers to fit under textile machines

Question 14

By 1842 what fraction of the mining workforce were under 19

Answer 14

1/3.

Question 15

Mining act of 1842

Answer 15

Prohibited all underground work for women and children under 10

Question 16

Coal mines regulation act

Answer 16

1860 improved safety rules and raised the age limit of bonus to 12

Question 17

Inefficiency of government legislation

Answer 17

Often not enforced

Question 18

Cotton mills act

Answer 18

1819 - the act forbade the employment of children under 9 and children under 16 couldn’t work more than 12 hours

Question 19

1833 factory act

Answer 19

No children to work in factories under 9 and required children under 13 to receive schooling for 2 hours a day and the creation of an inspectorate of factors that would force the act

Question 20

1844

Answer 20

First health and safety act which meant all dangerous machinery had to be fenced off and no young person was to clean the machinery

Question 21

Ten hours act

Answer 21

1847 limited the hours of labour to 63 a week