Paper 1 Flashcards
5 parts of animal cell
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes
3 parts of plant cell
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Contains genetic material that controls activities of cell
Cytoplasm
Has enzymes and where most chemical reactions take place
Cell membrane
Holds cell together and controls what goes in and out
Mitochondria
Where reactions for aerobic respiration take place
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Cell wall
Made of cellulose and and strengthens cell
Permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap ( sugar and salt solution)
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis takes place
Plasmids
Small rings of DNA
4 ways sperm cell specialised
Long tail and streamlined head - swim fast
Enzymes - help penetrate egg
Mitochondria - provide energy
2 ways nerve cells are specialised
Long - cover more distance
Branched connections - connect to other cells to form a network
2 ways muscle cells are specialised
Long - space to contract
Lots of mitochondria- generate energy needed for contraction
2 ways phloem/xylem are specialised
Hollow - more space
Few sub cellular structures - more space for substances to flow through
Stem cells
Undifferentiated and can turn into any type of cell
Required practical 1: preparing light microscope
1) drop water on clean slide
2) use tweezers to put tissue into water on slide
3) add iodine solution
4) place cover slide on top
5) clip slide onto stage
