B11 Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
Made up of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
2 hormones that give a rapid response
Insulin
Adrenaline
2 hormones that give a slow response
Growth hormones
Sex hormones
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that are carried by the blood and cause a response in a target organ
What are hormones made of?
Proteins
Role of insulin
Controls blood sugar level
Role of adrenaline
Prepares body for fight flight freeze
Role of growth hormones
Stimulates growth
Role of ADH
Affects amount of urine produced by the kidney
Role of FSH
Stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen
Role of TSH
Stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine
Name 6 endocrine glands
Pituitary Thyroid Pancreas Adrenal Ovaries Testes
Explain role of insulin (5marks)
1) after eating a meal bgc increases above optimum
2) increase detected by pancreas
3) pancreas releases insulin
4) insulin causes body cells to take up glucose to use for respiration.
5) insulin causes liver and muscle cells to convert glucose to glycogen(storage)
6) excess glucose converted to lipids and stored
Explain role of glucagon
1) drop in bgc detected by pancreas
2) pancreas releases glucagon
3) glucagon causes liver cells to convert glycogen back to glucose and release glucose back into the blood
What is type 1 diabetes?
When pancreas does not make any insulin and you can’t control blood glucose levels
What is type 2 diabetes?
When you are making insulin just not enough
Symptoms of diabetes
Glucose in urine
Constantly thirsty
Tiredness due to less respiration
How to treat type 1 diabetes?
Inject yourself with insulin before meals
Eat regularly
Regular exercise
Why can insulin not be ingested?
It is a protein so it will be digested in the stomach
How to cure type 1 diabetes?
1) pancreas transplant
2) transplanting insulin producing pancreatic cells
3) stem cell technology
4) gene therapy
How to treat type 2 diabetes?
Balanced diet
Lose weight
regular exercise
What to do if t2 diabetes treatments don’t work?
Take drugs that help insulin work better on body cells and help pancreas to produce more insulin
What is a tropism?
Growth responses plants make to stimuli
What is gravitropism?
The growth response of a plant to gravity
