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Biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do valves do?

A

Allow the blood to flow in one direction only

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2
Q

How is blood moved through the veins?

A

Skeletal muscle contractions and valves

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3
Q

What are the 2 circulatory systems in the body?

A

Pulmonary system

Systemic system

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4
Q

PULMONARY SYSTEM

Where -
Pressure of blood -
Function -

A
  • to and from lungs
  • low pressure
  • pick up oxygen and deposit carbon dioxide
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5
Q

SYSTEMIC SYSTEM

Where
Pressure of blood
Function

A
  • to and from body
  • high
    Deliver oxygen to cells and pick up CO2
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6
Q 
Arteries 
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -
A

Thick
Small
High
From heart

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7
Q 
Veins
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -
A

Thin
Large
Low
To heart

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8
Q 
Capillaries 
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -
A

Very thin
Very small
Very low
Arteries to veins

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9
Q

Why are capillaries one cell thick?

A

So that substances can enter and leave in one stream

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10
Q

Order the blood flows through the heart

A 
1- vena cava
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid valve
4- right ventricle
5- semi lunar valve
6- pulmonary artery 
7- pulmonary vein
8- left atrium
9- biscuspid valve 
10- left ventricle 
11 - pace maker
12- aorta
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11
Q

How does the heart pump blood?

A

1) electrical impulse causes atria to contract
2) this pushes blood down into the ventricles through the valves
3) the signal travels to ventricles causing them to contract
4) this pushes blood up closing the valves into the atria, aorta and artery
5) ventricles then relax and blood falls back into the heart

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12
Q

What makes the sound of the heart?

A

The valves closing

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13
Q

What are the walls of the heart made of?

A

Muscles

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14
Q

What causes coronary heart disease?

A

When arteries supplying the heart with blood narrow due to build of plaque

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15
Q

Why is coronary heart disease dangerous?

A

Can restrict blood flow or get blocked causing a heart attack

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16
Q

3 ways of treating coronary heart disease?

A

Stents - wire mesh that keeps artery open

Bypass surgery - blood vessel used to bypass the narrow area in coronary artery.

Statins - drugs to reduce blood cholesterol levels

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17
Q

What does the pacemaker do?

A

Sends electrical signals in waves through the walls of the heart and cause them to contract.

18
Q

What the pacemaker respond to?

A

Signals from the brain

19
Q

What causes leaky valves?

A

When they are under lots of pressure

20
Q

What does it mean when the heart becomes less efficient?

A

Less oxygenated blood getting in body

21
Q

How to fix leaky valves?

A

Mechanical valves

Transplant valves from humans/animals

22
Q

What medication to take to treat blood clots?

A

Anticoagulants

Warfarin

23
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

When oxygen moves from alveoli in the lungs and into the blood stream by diffusion.

24
Q

What is diffusion?

A

When substances move form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient due to random movement

25
Q 
What happens when inhaling?
Intercostal muscles-
Rib cage moves - 
Diaphragm-
Diaphragm moves -
Volume inside chest - 
Pressure inside chest- 
Air moves -
A 
Intercostal muscles- contracts 
Rib cage moves - up and out
Diaphragm- contracts 
Diaphragm moves -down
Volume inside chest - increase 
Pressure inside chest- low
Air moves - in
26
Q 
What happens when exhaling?
Intercostal muscles-
Rib cage moves - 
Diaphragm-
Diaphragm moves -
Volume inside chest - 
Pressure inside chest- 
Air moves -
A 
Intercostal muscles- relaxes
Rib cage moves - down and in
Diaphragm- relaxes
Diaphragm moves - up
Volume inside chest - decreases
Pressure inside chest- high 
Air moves - out
27
Q

3 adaptations of alveoli and how they help

A

Large surface area - more effective diffusion

Good blood supply - maintain concentration gradient for rapid and effective diffusion

Very thin walls - short diffusion distance

28
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Group of cells with similar structures and functions

29
Q

3 plant tissues in leaf

A

Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongey mesophyll

30
Q

What are organs?

A

Groups of tissues that carry out an overall function.

31
Q

3 plant organs

A

Leaf
Stem
Root

32
Q

What does the xylem do?

A

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to aerial parts of the plant

33
Q

What does the phloem do?

A

Transports sugars made during photosynthesis to cells that need it for respiration and growth

34
Q

What is translocation?

A

The movement of sugars in a plant

35
Q

Why is water important for plants?

A

Needed for photosynthesis

36
Q

Why are sugars important for plants?

A

Needed for respiration

37
Q

Why are mineral ions important for plants?

A

Have magnesium for chlorophyll
Have nitrates for proteins
Needed for production of materials

38
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water from the surface of the leaf

39
Q

What are the 2 stages of transpiration in the leaf?

A

1) Evaporation from spongey mesophyll

2) diffusion through stomata

40
Q

What is the transpiration stream?

A

The movement of water form the roots to the leaves through the xylem vessels

41
Q

3 plant adaptations to reduce water loss

A

Waxy cuticle
Wilting
Closing stomata

Biology (10 decks)

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