B4

Question 1

What do valves do?

Answer 1

Allow the blood to flow in one direction only

Question 2

How is blood moved through the veins?

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle contractions and valves

Question 3

What are the 2 circulatory systems in the body?

Answer 3

Pulmonary system

Systemic system

Question 4

PULMONARY SYSTEM

Where -
Pressure of blood -
Function -

Answer 4

• to and from lungs
• low pressure
• pick up oxygen and deposit carbon dioxide

Question 5

SYSTEMIC SYSTEM

Where
Pressure of blood
Function

Answer 5

• to and from body
• high
  Deliver oxygen to cells and pick up CO2

Question 6

Arteries 
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -

Answer 6

Thick
Small
High
From heart

Question 7

Veins
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -

Answer 7

Thin
Large
Low
To heart

Question 8

Capillaries 
Thickness of wall - 
Size of lumen -
Blood pressure -
Blood direction -

Answer 8

Very thin
Very small
Very low
Arteries to veins

Question 9

Why are capillaries one cell thick?

Answer 9

So that substances can enter and leave in one stream

Question 10

Order the blood flows through the heart

Answer 10

1- vena cava
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid valve
4- right ventricle
5- semi lunar valve
6- pulmonary artery 
7- pulmonary vein
8- left atrium
9- biscuspid valve 
10- left ventricle 
11 - pace maker
12- aorta

Question 11

How does the heart pump blood?

Answer 11

1) electrical impulse causes atria to contract
2) this pushes blood down into the ventricles through the valves
3) the signal travels to ventricles causing them to contract
4) this pushes blood up closing the valves into the atria, aorta and artery
5) ventricles then relax and blood falls back into the heart

Question 12

What makes the sound of the heart?

Answer 12

The valves closing

Question 13

What are the walls of the heart made of?

Answer 13

Muscles

Question 14

What causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 14

When arteries supplying the heart with blood narrow due to build of plaque

Question 15

Why is coronary heart disease dangerous?

Answer 15

Can restrict blood flow or get blocked causing a heart attack

Question 16

3 ways of treating coronary heart disease?

Answer 16

Stents - wire mesh that keeps artery open

Bypass surgery - blood vessel used to bypass the narrow area in coronary artery.

Statins - drugs to reduce blood cholesterol levels

Question 17

What does the pacemaker do?

Answer 17

Sends electrical signals in waves through the walls of the heart and cause them to contract.

Question 18

What the pacemaker respond to?

Answer 18

Signals from the brain

Question 19

What causes leaky valves?

Answer 19

When they are under lots of pressure

Question 20

What does it mean when the heart becomes less efficient?

Answer 20

Less oxygenated blood getting in body

Question 21

How to fix leaky valves?

Answer 21

Mechanical valves

Transplant valves from humans/animals

Question 22

What medication to take to treat blood clots?

Answer 22

Anticoagulants

Warfarin

Question 23

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 23

When oxygen moves from alveoli in the lungs and into the blood stream by diffusion.

Question 24

What is diffusion?

Answer 24

When substances move form an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient due to random movement

Question 25

``` What happens when inhaling? Intercostal muscles- Rib cage moves - Diaphragm- Diaphragm moves - Volume inside chest - Pressure inside chest- Air moves - ```

Answer 25

``` Intercostal muscles- contracts Rib cage moves - up and out Diaphragm- contracts Diaphragm moves -down Volume inside chest - increase Pressure inside chest- low Air moves - in ```

Question 26

``` What happens when exhaling? Intercostal muscles- Rib cage moves - Diaphragm- Diaphragm moves - Volume inside chest - Pressure inside chest- Air moves - ```

Answer 26

``` Intercostal muscles- relaxes Rib cage moves - down and in Diaphragm- relaxes Diaphragm moves - up Volume inside chest - decreases Pressure inside chest- high Air moves - out ```

Question 27

3 adaptations of alveoli and how they help

Answer 27

Large surface area - more effective diffusion Good blood supply - maintain concentration gradient for rapid and effective diffusion Very thin walls - short diffusion distance

Question 28

What is a tissue?

Answer 28

Group of cells with similar structures and functions

Question 29

3 plant tissues in leaf

Answer 29

Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongey mesophyll

Question 30

What are organs?

Answer 30

Groups of tissues that carry out an overall function.

Question 31

3 plant organs

Answer 31

Leaf Stem Root

Question 32

What does the xylem do?

Answer 32

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to aerial parts of the plant

Question 33

What does the phloem do?

Answer 33

Transports sugars made during photosynthesis to cells that need it for respiration and growth

Question 34

What is translocation?

Answer 34

The movement of sugars in a plant

Question 35

Why is water important for plants?

Answer 35

Needed for photosynthesis

Question 36

Why are sugars important for plants?

Answer 36

Needed for respiration

Question 37

Why are mineral ions important for plants?

Answer 37

Have magnesium for chlorophyll Have nitrates for proteins Needed for production of materials

Question 38

What is transpiration?

Answer 38

Loss of water from the surface of the leaf

Question 39

What are the 2 stages of transpiration in the leaf?

Answer 39

1) Evaporation from spongey mesophyll | 2) diffusion through stomata

Question 40

What is the transpiration stream?

Answer 40

The movement of water form the roots to the leaves through the xylem vessels

Question 41

3 plant adaptations to reduce water loss

Answer 41

Waxy cuticle Wilting Closing stomata