Pancreatic and Biliary secretion

Question 1

What type of secretory glands are found in the pancreas?

Answer 1

Both endocrine (into blood stream/lumen) and exocrine (into ducts)

Question 2

what is produced from acinar cells?

Answer 2

digestive enzymes such as lipase and different amylases

Question 3

what are produced from centro-acinar/duct cells?

Answer 3

electrolytes - bicarbonate ions

Question 4

what does acidic chyme stimulate the release of?

Answer 4

electrolytes

Question 5

What does protein rich chyme stimulate the release of?

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

What does fatty chyme stimulate the release of ?

Answer 6

Electrolytes and enzymes

Question 7

what does secretin stimulate?

Answer 7

stimulates duct cells in the presence of acid = increased electrolytes

Question 8

what does CCK stimulate?

Answer 8

stimulates acinar cells in the presense of fat or protein = lipase

Question 9

what does the control of secretion involve?

Answer 9

lots of relflexes - same heirarchy sorta of gastric stimulation

Question 10

what are the membrane specializations of the hepatocyte?

Answer 10

• two surfaces facine sinusoids - microvilli = bloodstream

- lateral surfaces bile canaliculi with microvilli = biliary tree = tight junctions

Question 11

How many blood supplies does the liver have?

Answer 11

Dual - branch of hepatic artery, central vein and branch of portal vein

Question 12

how are hepatocytes orientated?

Answer 12

with respect to vessles - the plates (one cell thick) are separated by sinusoids

Question 13

what vessels drain the hepatocytes out of the liver?

Answer 13

hepatic vein and bile duct

Question 14

what brings in new supplies for hepatocyte formation?

Answer 14

hepatic artery and portal vein (from stomach nutrient rich)

Question 15

how does bile get to the gall bladder?

Answer 15

canaliculi - ductule - hepatic ducts - common hepatic duct - cystic duct - gall baldder

Question 16

where does the bile duct open?

Answer 16

onto the major duodenal papillae with the pancreatic duct

Question 17

what is the primary function of bile?

Answer 17

absorption and digestion of fat

Question 18

what is in bile?

Answer 18

bile salts = digest fat
chloesterol
bile pigments = bilirubin
bicarbonate slution

Question 19

what doe bile pigments do?

Answer 19

RBC breakdown

Question 20

what do bile salts aggregate into?

Answer 20

Micelles with fat = hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic outer shell

Question 21

what helps keep bile salts in solution?

Answer 21

cholesterol

Question 22

what causes jaundice to present as yellow?

Answer 22

bilirubin from broken down haeme

Question 23

what allows bile salts to be detergents?

Answer 23

steroid backbone is lipophilic and amino acid conjugate is hydrophilic = keep fats in solution in an aqueous environment = accessible to lipase