Intro to digestive system + Abdominal Cavity

Question 1

What are the 3 major sections of the Alimentary Tract?

Answer 1

Mouth, Pharynx, Alimentary Canal

Question 2

What makes up the alimentary canal?

Answer 2

esophagus, stomach (low pH), Small intestines, large intestines, rectum

Question 3

Gross Anatomy

Answer 3

Relationships

Question 4

Histology

Answer 4

link to cell function

Question 5

rostral

Answer 5

towards the nose when at the head

Question 6

Cranial

Answer 6

towards the head

Question 7

Dorsal

Answer 7

Back side

Question 8

Ventral

Answer 8

towards the stomach

Question 9

Caudal

Answer 9

towards the tail

Question 10

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 10

1. securing food 2. conducting/storing food 3. mechanical/chemical digestion 4.absorption of food 5.storage/disposal of food

Question 11

Digestive Tract

Answer 11

Long tubular passage through the body from lips to anus

Question 12

what are the functions of the mouth?

Answer 12

-obtains food and provides mechanical breakdown -assisted by accessary organs

Question 13

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 13

-teeth -tongue -salivary glands

Question 14

what is the function of the Pharynx?

Answer 14

• connects the back of teh nasal & oral cavities with the oesophagus and larynx/trachea -conveys food from mouth -> oesophagus by deglutition

Question 15

Mucosa layer

Answer 15

inner lining layer -transports nutrients, keeps out bacteria

Question 16

submucosa layer

Answer 16

underlying Connective tissue layer - containing blood vessels & nerves

Question 17

Muscular Externa

Answer 17

major muscle layer - mixing and peristalsis

Question 18

What are extrinsic glands?

Answer 18

• salivary glands -pancreas -liver

Question 19

What are intrinsic glands?

Answer 19

• produce mucus and enzymes

Question 20

Name the 9 regions of the Abdomen

Answer 20

Question 21

Name the 5 abdominal boundaries and what landmark defines them

Answer 21

i. Cranial = Diaphragm
ii. Caudal = Pelvic Inlet
iii. Dorsal = lumbar vertebrae, sublumbar muscles, arms of diaphragm
iv. Lateral = Diaphragm, abs/obliques, part of pelvis
v. Ventral = left and right rectus abdominis

Question 22

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 22

A smooth, shiny membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and part of the pelvic cavity

Question 23

What is the function of teh peritoneum?

Answer 23

to secrete the watery peritoneal fluid that accts as a lubricant to decrease fricition between opposing surfaces

Question 24

What is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 24

• cavity slightly smaller than the abdominal cavity and is enclosed by peritoneum = it is divided into the peritoneal and pelvic portions
• small volume of peritoneal fluid is present to reduce friciton
• made up of 3 layers

Question 25

Name the 3 layers of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 25

1. parietal: attached onto the wall of abdominal cavity
2. visceral: lining the external surfaces of the viscera (soft internal organs)
3. Connecting tissues: double layered membranes
   - mesentery
   - omentum
   - ligament

Question 26

Name the 3 types of connecting peritoneum layers and where they are located

Answer 26

1. Mesentery: connects most of the small intestine to the abdominal root at 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
   - mesocolon: attaches the colon tot he abdominal roof and continues into the pelvic cavity as the mesorectum
2. Omentum: covers the stomach
   - Greater and Lesser
3. Ligament: reflections of peritoneum between teh viscera, or between viscera and the abdominal wall

= no blood conducting vessels/nerves