Lecture 13/14

Question 1

“Failed fusion during embryogenesis”

Answer 1

Facial clefts = palatoschisis (failure of the closure of the lateral palatine process of the maxilla bone) , Cheiloschisis sequelae: - starvation -resistant failure to suckle -aspiration ammonia

Question 2

Brachygnathia

Answer 2

Mandibular/maxillary abnormailities: Short mandible “parrot Mouth” msequelae: - mastication problems hypsodont teeth = inability to grind down properly

Question 3

What are some common dental diseases?

Answer 3

1) enamel hypoplasia = enamoblasts injured in utero (infected mother) affected enamoblasts produce malformed enamal in new borns

Question 4

What does a colour change of the mucosa to white indicate?

Answer 4

anemia

Question 5

What does a colour change to black indicate?

Answer 5

Melanin deposition

Question 6

what does brown mean?

Answer 6

Methaemoglobinaemia, = altered erythrocyte oxygen carying dynamics

Question 7

what is stomatitis?

Answer 7

Diffuse inflammation of the oral cavity

Question 8

What are some signs of stomatitis?

Answer 8

erosions ulcers necrosis vesicle: thin walled, raised, fluid-filled lesion papule: raised flat topped lesions

Question 9

What is the following?

Answer 9

vesicular stomatidities: can be viral

Question 10

what type of disease is foot and mouth?

Answer 10

viral vesicular disease (stomatidities) - Gross features: ruminants/pigs

Question 11

Vesicular stomatitis?

Answer 11

one foot affected extensive tongue ulceration animals ramin alter+ bright

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Swine vesicular disease: pigs vesciculo-erosive disease of feed

Question 13

what are the clinical signs of erosive and ulcerative stomatidities?

Answer 13

red + depressed painful excess salivation reducation in food intake

Question 14

What is this?

Answer 14

Bovine Viral Diarroaea virus (BVDV) Viral: frequent ulcers present on the gingiva, surface of the tongue and the oesophageal mucosa

Question 15

What are other diseases that cause similar lesions to BVDV and feline calicivirius?

Answer 15

• border disease (sheep) -rinderpest (exotic) - ruminants and pigs - peste des petities ruminants - small ruminants bluetong - sheep/cattle bovine rhinotracheitis - cattle feline viral rhinotrachetitis

Question 16

What are 2 metabolic erosive/ulcerative stomatidities?

Answer 16

1) Uraemia: systemic disease from renal failure? 2) photosensitization: metabolic substrates circulating in blood stream

Question 17

What is this?

Answer 17

Photosensitization

Question 18

What are papular stomatidities?

Answer 18

caused by PARAPOX viral infections = produce wart like papillomatous lesions, which become ulcerative and then form proliferative scabs prior to healing

Question 19

What are deep stomatidities?

Answer 19

involve layers beneath the epidermis (connective tissue, muscle and bone) can be due to viruses, bacteria , chemical or thermal injury

Question 20

what is an example of a deep stomatidities?

Answer 20

Lumpy jaw, or actinobacillosis - “wooden tongue”

Question 21

What are different proliferative conditions?

Answer 21

1. hyperplastic diseases 2. neoplastic diseases

Question 22

what is the following?

Answer 22

Fibrous hyperplasia

Question 23

What is the following?

Answer 23

Squamous cell carcinoma most common in older cats generally located on the ventrolateral surface of the tongue

Question 24

What is a melanoma?

Answer 24

Neoplastic disease: most common oral tumour in dogs over 90% are malignant and most are considered to have metastasized = rapid growth, necrosis and ulceration are common - have pigment to them (melanin)

Question 25

What is a fibrosarcoma?

Answer 25

neoplastic disease: - frequently seen in dogs over 5 years of age mostly occurs in gums of upper molars and adjacent soft palate = frequently invade bone grey to red, large and firm, irregularly shaped

Question 26

what is ptyalism?

Answer 26

inflammation of the salivary galnds = stomatitis

Question 27

what are common causes of acute oesophagitis?

Answer 27

1) inflammation (oesophagitis) - erosive or ulcerative

Question 28

What is megaoesophagus?

Answer 28

segmental or diffuse dysfunction of eosophageal musculature, producing a dilated, flaccid oesophagus.

Question 29

What is choke?

Answer 29

esophageal obstruction due to impaction or is secondary to stenosis or motility disorders

Question 30

What are 3 common incidental parasites found?

Answer 30

1) sarcocystis = striated and cardiac musculature of herbivores - ovoid long white nodules project from musculature 2)Gongylonema = affects ruminants, pigs, horses = reside under mucosa and can be seen as thin red serpentine structures 3) Trichomonas commonly affect oral cavity = crop of birds leading to inflammation and plaque formation on mucosal surfaces