Lecture 13/14 Flashcards
“Failed fusion during embryogenesis”
Facial clefts = palatoschisis (failure of the closure of the lateral palatine process of the maxilla bone) , Cheiloschisis sequelae: - starvation -resistant failure to suckle -aspiration ammonia
Brachygnathia
Mandibular/maxillary abnormailities: Short mandible “parrot Mouth” msequelae: - mastication problems hypsodont teeth = inability to grind down properly
What are some common dental diseases?
1) enamel hypoplasia = enamoblasts injured in utero (infected mother) affected enamoblasts produce malformed enamal in new borns
What does a colour change of the mucosa to white indicate?
anemia
What does a colour change to black indicate?
Melanin deposition
what does brown mean?
Methaemoglobinaemia, = altered erythrocyte oxygen carying dynamics
what is stomatitis?
Diffuse inflammation of the oral cavity
What are some signs of stomatitis?
erosions ulcers necrosis vesicle: thin walled, raised, fluid-filled lesion papule: raised flat topped lesions
What is the following?
vesicular stomatidities: can be viral
what type of disease is foot and mouth?
viral vesicular disease (stomatidities) - Gross features: ruminants/pigs
Vesicular stomatitis?
one foot affected extensive tongue ulceration animals ramin alter+ bright
What is this?
Swine vesicular disease: pigs vesciculo-erosive disease of feed
what are the clinical signs of erosive and ulcerative stomatidities?
red + depressed painful excess salivation reducation in food intake
What is this?
Bovine Viral Diarroaea virus (BVDV) Viral: frequent ulcers present on the gingiva, surface of the tongue and the oesophageal mucosa
What are other diseases that cause similar lesions to BVDV and feline calicivirius?
- border disease (sheep) -rinderpest (exotic) - ruminants and pigs - peste des petities ruminants - small ruminants bluetong - sheep/cattle bovine rhinotracheitis - cattle feline viral rhinotrachetitis
What are 2 metabolic erosive/ulcerative stomatidities?
1) Uraemia: systemic disease from renal failure? 2) photosensitization: metabolic substrates circulating in blood stream
What is this?
Photosensitization
What are papular stomatidities?
caused by PARAPOX viral infections = produce wart like papillomatous lesions, which become ulcerative and then form proliferative scabs prior to healing
What are deep stomatidities?
involve layers beneath the epidermis (connective tissue, muscle and bone) can be due to viruses, bacteria , chemical or thermal injury
what is an example of a deep stomatidities?
Lumpy jaw, or actinobacillosis - “wooden tongue”
What are different proliferative conditions?
- hyperplastic diseases 2. neoplastic diseases
what is the following?
Fibrous hyperplasia
What is the following?
Squamous cell carcinoma most common in older cats generally located on the ventrolateral surface of the tongue
What is a melanoma?
Neoplastic disease: most common oral tumour in dogs over 90% are malignant and most are considered to have metastasized = rapid growth, necrosis and ulceration are common - have pigment to them (melanin)
What is a fibrosarcoma?
neoplastic disease: - frequently seen in dogs over 5 years of age mostly occurs in gums of upper molars and adjacent soft palate = frequently invade bone grey to red, large and firm, irregularly shaped
what is ptyalism?
inflammation of the salivary galnds = stomatitis
what are common causes of acute oesophagitis?
1) inflammation (oesophagitis) - erosive or ulcerative
What is megaoesophagus?
segmental or diffuse dysfunction of eosophageal musculature, producing a dilated, flaccid oesophagus.
What is choke?
esophageal obstruction due to impaction or is secondary to stenosis or motility disorders
What are 3 common incidental parasites found?
1) sarcocystis = striated and cardiac musculature of herbivores - ovoid long white nodules project from musculature 2)Gongylonema = affects ruminants, pigs, horses = reside under mucosa and can be seen as thin red serpentine structures 3) Trichomonas commonly affect oral cavity = crop of birds leading to inflammation and plaque formation on mucosal surfaces
