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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Palpation Exam > Flashcards

Palpation Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Erector spinae muscles (group)

A

Origin:
- Lower thoracic & lumbar vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Posterior aspect of iliac crest
- Sacroiliac & supraspinous ligaments

Insertion:
- Spinalis: SPs of C2, T1-T8
- Longissimus: Lower ribs, TVPs of C2-T12, mastoid process of skull
- Iliocostalis: Costal angle of ribs & cervical TVPs

Action:
- Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
- Bilateral: extension of vertebral column & head

Innervation: Posterior rami of spinal nerves

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin:
- Medial 1/3 of clavicle
- Manubrium of sternum

Insertion:
- Mastoid process of temporal bone
- Lateral ½ of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Action:
- Unilateral: lateral flexion of head & neck, contralateral rotation of head & neck
- Bilateral: extension of head & upper neck, flexion of lower neck (MAJORITY), elevation of sternum & clavicle during FORCED inhalation

Innervation: CN XI (Accessory Nerve)

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3
Q

Scalene Group

A

Origin:
- Anterior: TVPs of C3-C6
- Middle & Posterior: TVPs of C5-C7

Insertion:
- Anterior: Scalene tubercule of 1st rib
- Middle: Superior surface of 1st rib, posterior groove for subclavian artery
- Posterior: External border of 2nd rib

Action:
- Anterior: elevation of 1st rib, ipsilateral flexion of neck
- Middle: flexion of neck laterally, elevation of 1st rib during FORCED inhalation
- Posterior: flexion of neck, elevation of 2nd rib during FORCED inspiration

Innervation: Anterior rami of C3-C8

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4
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: Temporal fossa & fascia

Insertion:
- Coronoid process
- Anterior border of ramus of mandible

Action: Elevation & retraction of mandible

Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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5
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: Lateral surface of ramus of mandible

Action: Elevation & protraction of mandible

Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin:
- Pubic crest
- Symphysis pubis

Insertion:
- Xiphoid process
- Cartilages of ribs 5-7

Action:
- Flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
- Posterior tilt of pelvis (tilt in, pelvis is flat)
- Compress abdominal contents

Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T6-T12)

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7
Q

External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

A

Origin: External surface of ribs 5-12 (fibers go inferior & anterior)

Insertion:
- Linea alba
- Pubic tubercle
- Anterior half of iliac crest

Action:
- Contralateral rotation of trunk
- Flexion of trunk
- Compress abdominal contents

Innervation: intercostal nerve

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8
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor

A

Origin:
- Minor: SPs of C7-T1
- Major: SPs of T2-T5

Insertion:
- Minor: medial (vertebral) border of scapula @ root of spine
- Major: medial (vertebral) border of scapular inferior to spine

Action:
- Retraction (adduction) of scapula
- Elevation of scapula
- Downward rotation of scapula (bringing arm back down)

Innervation: Dorsal scapular

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin:
- Skull
- Ligamentum nuchea
- SPs of C7-T12

Insertion:
- Clavicle
- Acromion
- Scapula spine

Action:
- Elevate scapula
- Rotate scapula (during arm abduction)
- Retract scapula
- Pull scapula inferiorly

Innervation: CN XI (Accessory nerve)

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10
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
- SPs of T6-T12 (T7-L5?)
- Crests of ilium & sacrum
- Ribs 9-12
- thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action:
- Extensionof upper limb
- Adduction of upper limb
- Medial rotation of upper limb

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

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11
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Origin: Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

Insertion: Costal surface of medial border of scapula

Action: protraction, rotation of scapula allowing arm to be raised over 90 degrees

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

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12
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin:
- Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial clavicle
- Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-7, aponeurosis of external oblique

Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Action:
- Flexion of arm (clavicular head)
- Adduction of arm
- Medial rotation of arm
- Horizontal adduction of arm
- Draws scapula anterior inferiorly

Innervation: Medial & lateral pectoral nerves

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13
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin:
- Lateral clavicle (anterior fibers)
- Acromion (lateral fibers)
- Spine of scapula (posterior fibers)

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action:
- Flexion of shoulder (anterior fibers)
- Medial rotation of shoulder joint (anterior fibers)
- Extension of shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
- Lateral rotation of shoulder joint (posterior fibers)
- Abduction of shoulder joint (entire muscle)

Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Medial rotation of shoulder

Innervation: Upper & lower subscapularis

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15
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Abduction of shoulder joint

Innervation: Suprascapular (C5, C6)

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16
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action:
- Lateral rotation of shoulder joint
- Horizontal abduction of shoulder joint

Innervation: Suprascapular (C5, C6)

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17
Q

Teres minor

A

Origin: Superior lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Lateral rotation of shoulder joint

Innervation: Axillary (C5, C6)

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18
Q

Teres major

A

Origin: Inferior lateral border of scapula

Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action:
- Extension of shoulder joint
- Adduction of shoulder joint
- Medial rotation of shoulder joint

Innervation: Upper & lower subscapular

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19
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Origin:
- Short head: coracoid process of scapula
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity & fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Action:
- Flexion of arm @ shoulder
- Flexion of forearm @ elbow
- Supination of forearm

Action: Musculocutaneous nerve

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20
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin:
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- Lateral head: lateral, posterior humerus (lateral superior to radial groove)
- Medial head: posterior surface of humerus (medial inferior to radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon process

Action:
- Extension of arm @ shoulder (long head only)
- Extension of forearm @ elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

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21
Q

Pronator teres

A

Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
- Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Middle of lateral surface of radius

Action:
- Pronation of forearm
- Flexion of forearm

Innervation: Median nerve

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22
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal

Action:
- Flexion of forearm
- Flexion of hand
- Abduction (radial deviation) of wrist

Innervation: Median nerve

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23
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
- Ulnar head: olecranon process of ulna & posterior border of ulna

Insertion:
- Base of 5th metacarpal
- Hook of hamate
- Pisiform

Action:
- Flexion of forearm
- Flexion of hand
- Adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

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24
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin:
- Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
- Radial head: proximal of anterior border or radius

Insertion: Base of middle phalanges of fingers #2-5

Action:
- Flexion of fingers 2-5 @ MCP, PIP
- Flexion of hand
- Flexion of forearm

Innervation: median nerve

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25
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal bone

Action:
- Extension of forearm
- Extension of and
- Radial deviation of wrist

Innervation: radial nerve

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26
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

Action: Flexion of elbow in mid-pronation

Innervation: radial nerve

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27
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

Insertion: Distal and middle phalanges of fingers #2 – 5 (via its dorsal digital expansion)

Action:
- Extension of fingers 2-5 at MCP, PIP, DIP joints
- Extension of hand at wrist
- Extension of elbow (weak)

Innervation: radial nerve

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28
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: The middle of posterior surface of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of the 1st metacarpal

Action:
- Abduction of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
- Extension of thumb of carpometacarpal joint
- Radial deviation of hand at wrist (weak)

Innervation: radial nerve

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29
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Origin:
- Flexor retinaculum
- Tubercle of scaphoid
- Tubercle of trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: abduction of thumb

Innervation: median nerve

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30
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Origin:
- Flexor retinaculum
- Trapezium

Insertion: Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: flexion of thumb

Innervation: median nerve

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31
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Origin: Adjacent sides of metacarpals

Insertion:
- Base of proximal phalanges & dorsal digital expansion of fingers (2, 3, 4)
- Dorsal interosseous 1 to lateral side of index finger
- Dorsal interosseous 2 to lateral side of middle finger
- Dorsal interosseous 3 to medial side of middle finger
- Dorsal interosseous 4 to medial side of ring finger

Action:
- Abduction of fingers 2-4 @ MCP joints
- Flexion of fingers 2-4 @ MCP joints
- Extension of fingers 2-4 @ PIP & DIP joints

Innervation: ulnar nerve

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32
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A

Origin: Lateral side of ASIS & anterior part of iliac crest

Insertion: Tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (ITT) (1/3 of the way down the thigh)

Action:
- Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
- Abduction of thigh (hip joint)
- Medial rotation of thigh (hip joint)
- Anterior pelvic tilt
- Tenses ITB to support femur on tibia during standing

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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33
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms pes anserine tendon)

Action:
- Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
- Abduction of thigh (hip joint)
- Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
- Flexion of leg @ knee joint
- Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint

Innervation: femoral nerve

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34
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin:
- Long head: ischial tuberosity
- Short head: linea aspera

Insertion:
- Head of fibula
- Lateral condyle of tibia

Action:
- Flexion of leg (knee joint) – entire muscle
- Extension of thigh (hip joint) – long head
- Lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint (when knee is flexed)

Innervation: Tibial (long head) & common fibular (peroneal) (short head) branches of sciatic nerve

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35
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)

Action:
- Flexion of leg (knee joint)
- Extension of thigh (hip joint)
- Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint – when knee is flexed

Innervation: Tibial branch of sciatic nerve

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36
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin:
- Straight (ant) head: AIIS
- Reflected (post.) head: groove above brim of acetabulum

Insertion: Base of patella via quadriceps tendon & then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Action:
- Extension of leg (knee joint)
- Flexion of thigh (hip joint)

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

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37
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Origin:
- Intertrochanteric line
- Medial lip of linea aspera
- Medial supracondylar line

Insertion: Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon & then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

Action: Extension of leg (knee joint)

Innervation: femoral nerve

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38
Q

Adductor muscles (group)

A

Origin: pubic ramus & ischium

Insertion:
- linea aspera or femur
- pectineal line
- medial upper surface of tibia

Action: Adduction of hip joint

Innervation: Obturator nerve (EXCEPT for pectineus – femoral nerve)

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39
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin:
- Medial head: medial condyle of femur
- Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur

Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Action:
- Plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint)
- Flexion of leg (knee joint)

Innervation: Tibial Nerve

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40
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Classification: Ball and socket synovial (3 DOF)

Movements:
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/Abduction
- Internal/External Rotation
- Circumduction

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41
Q

Elbow joint

A

Classification: Synovial hinge (1 DOF)

Movement: Flexion/extension

42
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

Classification: Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint (2 DOF)

Movement:
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/abduction

43
Q

First carpometacarpal joint

A

Classification: Synovial saddle (2 DOF)

Movement:
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/abduction
- Opposition

44
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint

A

Classification: Synovial condyloid (2 DOF)

Movement:
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/abduction

45
Q

Proximal interphalangeal joint

A

Classification: Synovial Hinge (1 DOF)

Movement: Flexion/extension

46
Q

Distal interphalangeal joint

A

Classification: Synovial Hinge (1 DOF)

Movement: Flexion/extension

47
Q

Hip joint

A

Classification: Synovial ball & socket (3 DOF)

Movement:
- Flexion/extension
- Adduction/abduction
- Lateral/medial rotation

48
Q

Knee joint

A

Classification: Synovial modified hinge joint

Movement:
- Flexion/extension
- *When knee is flexed: medial & lateral rotation

49
Q

Spinous processes of Vertebral Column

A

Cervical vertebrae 1 has no spinous process

50
Q

Transverse processes of Vertebral Column

A

They have a transverse foramen in the cervical region

51
Q

Ribs 1-12, Body of Ribs

A

Rib 11 and 12 are floating and do not attach to the sternum

52
Q

Posterior superior surface of sacrum

A

Sacrum is 5 fused vertebrae

53
Q

Median crest of sacrum

A

fusion of sacral spinous processes

54
Q

Sternum Manubrium (Jugular notch)

A

Most superior part of the sternum

55
Q

Sternal Angle

A

Level with the 2nd rib

56
Q

Sternal Body

A

Largest part of the sternum

57
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Most inferior part of the sternum (in line w/ rib 7)

58
Q

External Occipital Protuberance

A

Attachment for trapezius

59
Q

Mandible Angle

A

Overlays tonsillar lymph node

60
Q

Mandible Condyle

A

Articulates w/ condylar fossa makes TMJ joint

61
Q

Mandible Coronoid Process

A

Where temporalis inserts

62
Q

Zygomatic Arch

A

origin for masseter muscle (1/2 temporal bone, 1/2 zygomatic bone)

63
Q

Scapula – Spine

A

Separates the supraspinatous and infraspinatous fossa’s

64
Q

Scapula – Coracoid process

A

Attachment for short head of biceps

65
Q

Scapula – acromion

A

Forms acromioclavicular joint with lateral end of clavicle

66
Q

Scapula – inferior angle

A

Where the medial and lateral borders of the scapula intersect

67
Q

Scapula – medial border

A

insertion for rhomboid major & minor

68
Q

Scapula – lateral border

A

origin for teres minor & major

69
Q

Scapula – infraspinatus fossa

A

origin for infraspinatus muscle

70
Q

Scapula – supraspinatus fossa

A

origin for supraspinatus muscle

71
Q

Clavicle – sternal end

A

Articulates w/ sternum to form sternoclavicular joint

72
Q

Clavicle – acromial end

A

Articulates w/ acromion to form acromioclavicular joint

73
Q

Clavicle - body

A

Origin for sternocleidomastoid muscle

74
Q

Humerus – greater tubercle

A

Insertion for supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor muscle

75
Q

Humerus – lesser tubercle

A

Insertion for subscapularis muscle

76
Q

Humerus – medial condyle

A

Common flexor tendon

77
Q

Humerus – lateral epicondyle

A

Origin of most extensor muscles of the forearm

78
Q

Ulna – head

A

Has a styloid process that projects distally

79
Q

Ulna – olecranon process

A

Origin for flexor carpi ulnaris/ insertion for triceps

80
Q

Radius – styloid process

A

Brachioradialis inserts just before this landmark

81
Q

Carpal bones – scaphoid

A

Content of the snuff box / abductor pollicis brevis originates here

82
Q

Carpal bones - pisiform

A

Insertion for flexor carpi ulnaris

83
Q

Carpal bones – hook of hamate

A

Insertion for flexor carpi ulnaris

84
Q

Hip bone – iliac crest

A

in line w/ L4 / origin for tensor fascia lata

85
Q

Hip bone – iliac fossa

A

Pain in the right iliac fossa can be a sign of appendicitis

86
Q

Hip bone - ASIS

A

Origin of sartorius muscle

87
Q

Hip bone – ischial tuberosity

A

Absorbs weight when you sit down/ origin for biceps femoris & semitendinosus

88
Q

Femur – greater trochanter

A

Gluteus medius inserts on lateral surface

89
Q

Femur – condyle

A

gastrocnemius originates from both lateral & medial condyles of femur

90
Q

Femur – epicondyle

A

Medial Cruciate Ligament runs from medial epicondyle to tibia

91
Q

Patella – base

A

Insertion for quadriceps tendon

92
Q

Patella – apex

A

Attachment for patellar ligament

93
Q

Patella – medial border

A

Insertion for vastus medialis

94
Q

Patella – lateral border

A

Insertion for vastus lateralis

95
Q

Tibia – lateral condyle

A

Insertion for biceps femoris

96
Q

Tibia – medial condyle

A

insertion for semimembranosus muscle

97
Q

Tibia – tibial tuberosity

A

Gives attachment to patellar ligament

98
Q

Tibia – medial malleolus

A

tibial artery travels behind it

99
Q

Fibula – head

A

insertion for biceps femoris muscle

100
Q

Fibula – neck

A

Common fibular nerve travels posteriolaterally to this

101
Q

Fibula – lateral malleolus

A

Is larger than the medial malleolus

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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