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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The arm is divided into anterior & posterior compartments by extensions of deep fascia called __ _ __ __ __.

A

medial and lateral intermuscular septae

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2
Q

What is the anterior compartment of the arm occupied by?

A

flexor muscles - biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, & brachialis

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3
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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4
Q

What is the posterior compartment of the arm occupied by?

A

extensor muscle - triceps brachii

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5
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

radial nerve

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6
Q

What is the origin and insertion of biceps brachii?

A

origin:
short head - coracoid process of scapula
long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

insertion: radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeruosis

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7
Q

What is the function of biceps brachii?

A
  • flexion of arm of the forearm (elbow joint)
  • supination of the forearm (elbow joint)
  • flexion of the arm (shoulder joint)
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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula

insertion: middle third of the medial surface of humerus

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9
Q

What is the function of the coracobrachialis?

A
  • flexion of the arm (shoulder joint)
  • adduction of the arm (especially in horizontal adduction)
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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis?

A

origin: distal half of the anterior surface of humerus

insertion: ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process of ulna

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11
Q

What is the function of the brachialis?

A
  • flexion of the forearm at the elbow
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12
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the triceps brachii (long, lateral, & medial heads)?

A

origin:
long head - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral head - lateral, posterior humerus (superior lateral to radial groove)
medial head - posterior surface of humerus (inferior medial to radial groove)

insertion: olecranon process of ulna

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13
Q

What is the function of triceps brachii?

A
  • extension of the forearm (elbow)
  • extension of the arm (long head only) (shoulder joint)
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14
Q

What do the tendons of the forearm muscles pass through?

A

distal part of forearm and into the hand

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15
Q

What divides the forearm into anterior (flexor-pronator) & a posterior (extensor-supinator) compartments?

A

radius, ulna, interosseous membrane connecting them + intermuscular spetum

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16
Q

What is the forearm divided into?

A

anterior (flexor-pronator) and a posterior (extensor-supinator) compartments

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17
Q

What is known as the arm?

A

the shoulder to elbow

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18
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • flexion of arm at shoulder
  • flexion of forearm at elbow
  • supination of forearm
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19
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A
  • extension of the arm at shoulder
  • extension of forearm at elbow
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20
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior arm compartment?

A

biceps brachii

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21
Q

What is the function of the longhead of biceps brachii BY ITSELF?

A

flexion of the arm at the shoulder

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22
Q

What is the function of the biceps brachii belly (both heads together)?

A

flexion of the forearm at the elbow

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23
Q

Why is biceps able to initiate supination?

A

Becuase it attached to the radius

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24
Q

What muscle is working when doing a flexion of the forearm in pronation (hammer curl)?

A

brachialis

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25
Q

What is the origin of the lateral and medial head of the triceps brachii named after?

A

their orientation around the radial groove

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26
Q

What is the function of the triceps brachii that only the long head can do?

A

extension of the arm

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27
Q

What are the main actions of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  • flexion and pronation
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28
Q

What is the anterior compartment of the forearm innervated by?

A

median and ulnar nerves

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29
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  • extension and supination
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30
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

radial nerve

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31
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A

Pronator teres (PT), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), palmaris longus (PL), flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

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32
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

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33
Q

What are the muscles of the flexor-pronator muscles of the deep layer of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), flexor pollicis longus (FPL), and pronator quadratus (PQ)

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34
Q

What is the tendon that most of the flexor-pronator muscles arise from?

A

common flexor tendon

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35
Q

T/F: Forearm muscles turn into tendons as they approach the wrist

A

True

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36
Q

What protects 9 tendons as they go from forearm into hand?

A

carpal tunnel

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37
Q

Why is flexion way more important than extension?

A

survival - eating

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38
Q

Anything that attaches to the common flexor tendon does what action?

A

weak flexion of forearm

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39
Q

The tendons of most flexor muscles pass across the anterior surface of the wrist & are held in place by __ __.

A

flexor retinaculum

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40
Q

If anterior tendons cross the wrist, what action occurs?

A

flexion of wrist

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41
Q

If anterior tendons cross the phalangeal joints, what action occurs?

A

flexion of digits

42
Q

What muscles are apart of the extensor-supinator superficial layer of the forearm?

A
  • brachioradialis (BR)
  • extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
  • Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
  • Extensor digitorum (ED)
  • Extensor digiti minimi (Edm)
  • Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
  • Anconeus
43
Q

What muscles are apart of the extensor-supinator deep layer of the forearm?

A
  • Supinator
  • Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
  • Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
  • Extensor indicis (EI)
44
Q

The most superficial extensor forearm muscles originate from the __ __ of the humerus via a __ __ __

A

lateral epicondyle; common extensor tendon

45
Q

The deep extensor forearm muscles arise from the __ __, __, and __ __

A

posterior ulna, radius, & interosseous membrane

46
Q

What innervates ALL posterior extensor-supinator muscles of the forearm?

A

radial nerve

47
Q

What are the main functions of the superficial layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A
  • flexion of wrist
  • pronation of forearm
48
Q

What are the main functions of the intermediate layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A

flexion of digits 2-5 at MCP & PIP

49
Q

What innervates the intermediate layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A

median nerve

50
Q

What are the main functions of the deep layer of the flexor-pronator muscles of the forearm?

A
  • flexion of thumb
  • flexion of digits 2-5 at all joints
51
Q

What innervates the muscle that flexes the thumb?

A

median nerve

52
Q

What innervates the muscles that flex the digits?

A

2-3 = median
4-5 = ulnar

53
Q

All extensor-supinator muscles of the forearm are innervated by what nerve?

A

radial nerve

54
Q

What are the extensor-supinator muscles of the forearm organized into?

A

superficial and deep layer

55
Q

What is the tendon that most extensor-supinator muscles of the forearm arise from?

A

common extensor tendon

56
Q

if posterior muscles cross the wrist what action occurs?

A

extension of the wrist

57
Q

If posterior muscles cross the digits, what action occurs?

A

extension of digits

58
Q

If a patient manages to damage their musculocutaneous nerve will they still be able to flex their elbow? Why?

A

Yes, because brachioradialis is a flexor and is innervated by the radial nerve

59
Q

Who is the “wannabe” anterior arm muscle?

A

brachioradialis

60
Q

What is the origin and insertion of brachioradialis?

A

origin: distal humerus

insertion: distal radius

61
Q

What is the main function of bracioradialis?

A

flexion of elbow in “mid-pronation”

62
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

to retain the extensor tendons in place

63
Q

What creates the extensor retinaculum and flexor retinaculum?

A

forearm fascia that has thickened posteriorly

64
Q

What is the purpose of the flexor retinaculum?

A

to convert the anterior concavity of the carpus into a carpal tunnel

65
Q

What passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor tendons of the forearm: flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longs

and median nerve

66
Q

What does the retinacula prevent?

A

bowstringing of the tendons when the hand flexed or hyperextended at the wrist joint

67
Q

As the extensor tendons pass over the dorsum, they are invested by what to reduce friction between the extensor tendons and the bonds?

A

synovial sheaths

68
Q

What is the origin & insertion of pronator teres (PT)?

A

origin:
- humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
- ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

69
Q

What is the function of pronator teres (PT)?

A
  • pronation of forearm
  • weak flexion of forearm (elbow)
70
Q

What innervates pronator teres?

A

median nerve

71
Q

What happens if the pronator teres muscle hypertrophies due to over working?

A

the median nerve will be impeached and loss of median nerve function in the forearm

72
Q

What is the origin and insertion of flexor carpi radialis (FCR)?

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

insertion: base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpalsW

73
Q

What are the main functions of flexor carpi radialis?

A
  • flexion of hand
  • flexion of forearm (weak)
  • abduction (radial deviation) of wrist
74
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

median nerve

75
Q

What is another word for abduction of the wrist?

A

radial deviation

76
Q

What forearm muscle is missing in about 12-20% of population?

A

palmaris longus

77
Q

What is the origin and insertion for palmaris longus?

A

origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

insertion:
- Palmar aponeurosis (thick band of tissue that covers the palm of your hand – protection) - Flexor retinaculum

78
Q

What are the main functions of palmaris longus?

A
  • flexion of hand
  • flexion of forearm (weak)
79
Q

What is the innervation of palmaris longus?

A

median nerve

80
Q

What is the origin and insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

origin:
- humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)
- ulnar head:
- olecranon process of ulna
- posterior border of ulna

insertion:
- base of 5th metacarpal
- hook of hamate
- pisiform

81
Q

What are the main functions of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A
  • flexion of hand (at wrist)
  • flexion of forearm (weak)
  • adduction (ulnar deviation) of hand
82
Q

What is another word for adduction of the wrist?

A

ulnar deviation

83
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar

84
Q

Name the muscles laterally to medial.

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
85
Q

What is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

origin:
- humero-ulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon); Coronoid process of ulna
- radial head: Proximal of anterior border of radius

insertion: Base of middle phalanges of fingers # 2-5

86
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A
  • flexion of fingers 2-5 @ MCP & PIP joints
  • flexion of hand at wrist
  • flexion of forearm (weak)
87
Q

The course of the ulnar nerve is between which muscles two heads?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

88
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

89
Q

What surrounds the tendon of the muscle?

A

tendon sheath

90
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

origin:
- proximal anterior and medial surface of ulna
- interosseous membrane

insertion: base of distal phalanges of fingers #2-5

90
Q

Where there is inflammation of the tendon sheath what happens?

A

presses of median nerve –> carpal tunnel syndrome

91
Q

What are the functions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A
  • flexion of fingers #2-5 at MCP, PIP, & DIP joints
  • flexion of hand at wrist
92
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

median - radial (lateral) 1/2 of muscle
ulnar - ulnar (medial) 1/2 of muscle

93
Q

What is the origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus?

A

origin: anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane

insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

94
Q

What are the main functions of the flexor pollicis longus?

A
  • flexion of thumb @ CMC, MCP, and IP joints
  • flexion of hand at wrist
95
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus?

A

median nerve

96
Q

T/F: Flexor pollicis longus is one of the carpal tunnel muscles

A

True

97
Q

What is the origin and insertion of pronator quadratus?

A

origin: anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna

insertion: anterior surface of distal 1/4 of radius

98
Q

What is the main function of the pronator quadratus?

A
  • pronation of forearm
99
Q

What is the innervation of pronator quadratus?

A

median nerve

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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