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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Lecture 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin & insertion of psoas major?

A
  • Ori: Bodies and TPs of L1 – L5
  • Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur
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2
Q

What is the action of psoas major?

A
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
  • lateral flexion of trunk @ spinal joints
  • anterior tilt of pelvis @ hip
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3
Q

What is the innervation of psoas major?

A

lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)

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4
Q

What is the origin and insertion of iliacus?

A
  • origin: iliac fossa & sacral ala
  • insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
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5
Q

What are the muscles that make up the iliopsoas muscle? Why?

A

The psoas major and the iliacus muscles are considered to be the iliopsoas M. because of their common distal attachment onto the lesser trochanter of femur

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6
Q

What is the action of iliacus?

A
  • Flexion of thigh
  • lateral rotation of thigh
  • anterior tilt of pelvis @ hip
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7
Q

What is the innervation of iliacus?

A

femoral nerve

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8
Q

Which muscle has a role on lumbar hyper lordosis?

A

psoas major

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9
Q

What is the origin & insertion of sartorius?

A
  • Ori: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)
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10
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

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11
Q

What are the actions of sartorius?

A
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip oint)
  • Flexion of leg @ knee joint)
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12
Q

What is the innervation of sartorius?

A

femoral nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin & insertion of the rectus femoris?

A

Ori:
- Straight (Ant.) head: AIIS
- Reflected (Post.) head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum

Ins: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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14
Q

How many muscles are in the quadriceps femoris group?

A

4

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15
Q

What is the only quadriceps muscle that will move the hip joint?

A

rectus femoris

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16
Q

What are the actions of rectus femoris?

A
  • extension of leg (knee joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
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17
Q

What is the innervation of rectus femoris?

A

femoral

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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of vastus lateralis?

A

Ori:
- Intertrochanteric line
- Gluteal tuberosity
- Lateral lip of linea aspera

Ins: Lateral border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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19
Q

What are the four muscles of the quadriceps?

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
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20
Q

What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?

A

extension of leg (knee joint)

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21
Q

What is the innervation of vastus lateralis?

A

femoral nerve

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22
Q

What are the origin and insertion of vastus medialis?

A

Ori:
- Intertrochanteric line
- Medial lip of linea aspera
- Medial supracondylar line.

Ins: Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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23
Q

What is the action of vastus medialis?

A

extension of leg (knee joint)

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24
Q

What is the innervation of vastus medialis?

A

femoral nerve

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of vastus intermedius?

A

Ori: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur

Ins: Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)

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26
Q

What is the action of vastus intermedius?

A

Extention of leg (knee joint)

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27
Q

What is the innervation of vastus intermedius?

A

femoral nerve

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28
Q

What is the origin & insertion of articular genus?

A

Ori: anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur

Ins: upper part of the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint

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29
Q

What is the deepest muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

articularis genus

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30
Q

What is the action of articularis genus?

A

It elevates (pulls superiorly) the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during extension of the leg

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31
Q

What is the origin & insertion of pectineus?

A

Ori: Superior ramus of pubis (Pectineal line of pubis)

Ins: Pectineal line of femur

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32
Q

What is the function of pectineus?

A
  • Adduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
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33
Q

What is the innervation of pectineus?

A

femoral nerve

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34
Q

What is the only muscle in the medial compartment innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

pectineus

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35
Q

What is the origin & insertion of adductor longus?

A

Ori: Anterior surface of pubis

Ins: Middle part of linea aspera

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36
Q

What are the actions of adductor longus?

A
  • adduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
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37
Q

What is the innervation of adductor longus?

A

obturator nerve

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38
Q

What is the origin & insertion of adductor brevis?

A

Ori: Body & Inferior ramus of pubis

Ins: Proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur

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39
Q

What are the actions of adductor brevis?

A
  • adduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
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40
Q

What is the innervation of adductor brevis?

A

obturator

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41
Q

What is the origin & insertion of adductor magnus?

A

Ori:
- Anterior head (adductor part): Ischiopubic ramus
- Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part): Ischial tuberosity

Ins:
- Anterior head (adductor part): Linea aspera, Gluteal tuberosity, Medial supracondylar line
- Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part): Adductor tubercle

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42
Q

What are the actions of adductor magnus?

A
  • adduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint) (the Ant. or pubic attachment)
  • extension of thigh (hip joint) (the Post. or hamstring or ischial attachment)
  • lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
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43
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral artery & vein

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44
Q

What forms the adductor hiatus?

A

distal aspect of the insertion of the two heads of the adductor magnus muscle

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45
Q

What is the innervation of adductor magnus?

A
  • Anterior head (Pubic) by obturator N.
  • Post. Head (Hamstring or Ischial) by tibial N
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46
Q

What is the origin and insertion of gracilis?

A

Ori:
- Body of pubis
- Inferior ramus of pubis

Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)

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47
Q

What are the actions of gracilis?

A
  • adduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • flexion of leg (knee joint)
  • medial rotation of leg (knee joint)
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48
Q

What is the weakest muscle in the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh?

A

gracilis

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49
Q

What is the innervation of gracilis?

A

Obturator nerve

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50
Q

What is also known as the fourth hamstring?

A

adductor magnus

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51
Q

In patients with cerebral palsy, which muscles are spastics causing scissor gait?

A

Adductor muscles - need tenotomy

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52
Q

T/F: Gracilis is used for surgical reconstruction

A

True

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53
Q

What is the pes anserinus (latin for goosefoot)?

A

Proximal medial side of the tibia where the sarterious, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles attach to in a 3-prolonged pattern

54
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Lateral: sartorius
  • Medial: adductors
  • Superior: inguinal ligament
55
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Nerve (femoral)
  • Artery (femoral)
  • Vein (femoral)
  • Empty space
  • Lymph nodes
56
Q

What is the very bottom of the femoral triangle connected to?

A

adductor hiatus

57
Q

Inverted cone-shaped fascial space medial to the femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle

A

femoral canal

58
Q

What does the femoral canal open superiorly as?

A

femoral ring

59
Q

What is the purpose of the femoral canal?

A

serves to allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb

60
Q

When do you get a femoral hernia?

A

lifting something way too heavy –> push on bowel and it looks for somewhere to go –> heads to empty space in femoral triangle

61
Q

What are consequences of femoral hernia?

A
  • can compress artery –> coldness and palar in lower limb
  • compress femoral nerve –> extension in leg @ knee decreases
  • lead to venous pooling in the leg
  • obvious lump in proximal thigh
62
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • lateral
63
Q

What actions is the anterior compartment responsible for?

A
  • dorsi flexion
  • extension of toes
  • inversion & eversion
64
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

deep fibular nerve

65
Q

What are the actions of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • eversion
  • plantar flexion
66
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

superficial fibular nerve

67
Q

T/F: Anterior compartment of the leg is divided into superficial and deep muscles

A

False, posterior

68
Q

What are the actions of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

plantar flexion

69
Q

What are the actions of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • flexion of toes
  • plantar flexion
  • inversion
70
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve

71
Q

Which retinacula is behind the medial malleolus?

A

flexor retinacula

72
Q

Which retinacula is on the lateral side of the foot?

A

fibular (peroneal) retinaculum

73
Q

Which retinacula is on the anterior side of the foot?

A

extensor retinaculum

74
Q

What movements does the ankle axis permit?

A
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantar flexion
75
Q

What movements does the subtalar axis permit?

A

inversion & eversion

76
Q

What are the muscles that pass the ankle joint on the anterior side of the foot able to do?

A

dorsiflexion

77
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

Ori:
- Medial head: Medial condyle of femur
- Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur

Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon

78
Q

What are the actions of gastrocnemius?

A
  • plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint)
  • flexion of leg (knee joint)
79
Q

What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?

A

tibial

80
Q

What is the origin & insertion of soleus?

A

Ori:
- Soleal line of tibia.
- Head of the fibula
- Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula

Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon

81
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A
  • plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint)
82
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus?

A

tibial

83
Q

What is the gastrocnemius & soleus muscle known as together?

A

triceps surae

84
Q

Sesamoid bone found in lateral head of gastrocnemius

A

fabella

85
Q

Why is the gastrocnemius & soleus referred to as 2nd heart of the body?

A

really big muscles –> some blood vessels b/w them , when you contract, it can press the veins & helps with venous return

86
Q

Where is the deep tendon reflex of S1?

A

calcaneal tendon

87
Q

What is the origin & insertion of plantaris?

A

Ori: Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. Ins: Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon

88
Q

What are the actions of plantaris?

A
  • plantar flexion of foot (ankle joint)
  • flexion of leg (knee joint)
89
Q

What is the innervation of plantaris?

A

tibial

90
Q

What is the origin & insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Ori: Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Ins: Distal phalanx of big toe

91
Q

What are the actions of flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • flexion of big toe @ MTP & IP joints
  • plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
92
Q

What is the origin & insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Ori: middle 1/3 of tibia
Ins: Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

93
Q

What is the actions of flexor digitorum longus?

A
  • flexion of toes #2-5 @ MTP, PIP, DIP joints
  • plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
94
Q

What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

A

tibial nerve

95
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

A

tibial nerve

96
Q

What is the origin & insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Ori: Proximal of posterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

Ins:
- 2nd & 3rd & 4th metatarsals
- Navicular
- All three cuneiforms
- Cuboid
- Calcaneus

97
Q

What are the actions of tibialis posterior?

A
  • plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
98
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

tibial nerve

99
Q

What is the origin & insertion of popliteus?

A

Ori: Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
Ins: above the soleal line on the posterior tibia.

100
Q

What are the actions of popliteus?

A
  • flexion of leg @ knee joint
  • medial rotation of leg @ knee joint (to unlock extended knee)
101
Q

What is the innervation of popliteus?

A

tibial

102
Q

Which muscle has a role in un-locking the knee?

A

popliteus

103
Q

Which muscle acts on the lateral meniscus?

A

popliteus

104
Q

What are the structures passing being the medial malleolus (in the tarsal tunnel)?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Artery (tibial)
Vein
Nerve (tibial)
Flexor Hallucis longus

105
Q

What forms the tarsal tunnel?

A
  • flexor retinaculum
  • medial malleolus
  • calcaneus
106
Q

Where do you take the pulse of the tibial artery?

A

tarsal tunnel

107
Q

Diamond shaped fossa behind the knee joint

A

popliteal fossa

108
Q

What are the borders, roof, and floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Borders:
- superior: biceps femoris on lateral border, semitendinosus & semimembranosus on medial
- inferior: lateral & medial heads of gastrocnemius side

On roof: deep fascia
- deep fascia on roof is pierced by small saphenous vein

On floor:
- popliteal surface of femur on top
- popliteus muscle on bottom part
- posterior aspect of ankle joint

109
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • branches of sciatic nerve –> tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerve
  • popliteal vein
  • popliteal artery
  • fat
  • lymph nodes
110
Q

Where do you take the pulse of the popliteal artery?

A

popliteal fossa

111
Q

What is the origin and insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Ori: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane.

Ins:
- 1st (medial) cuneiform
- Base of the 1st metatarsal

112
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint (prime mover of DF)
  • inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
113
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

deep fibular (peroneal)

114
Q

What is the origin & insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Ori: middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.

Ins: Base of distal phalanx of big toe

115
Q

What are the actions of extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • extension of big toe @ MTP & IP joints
  • dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • inversion of foot @ subtalar joint
116
Q

What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

A

deep fibular (peroneal)

117
Q

What is the origin & insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Ori:
- lateral condyle of tibia
- Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula
- interosseous membrane.

Ins: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (Via dorsal digital expansion)

118
Q

What are the actions of extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • extension of toes #2-5 @ MTP & IP (DIP & PIP) joints
  • dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
119
Q

What is the innervation of digitorum longus?

A

deep fibular (peroneal)

120
Q

What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A

Ori: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Ins: Base of the 5th metatarsal (anterior to tuberosity)

121
Q

What are the actions of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A
  • dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle joint
  • eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
122
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A

deep fibular (peroneal)

123
Q

What does compartment syndrome refer to?

A

pressure inside compartment increases (ex., enlargement of muscle) –> press of nerve & damage/loss of movement

124
Q

What happens if the deep fibular nerve is compressed in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

drop foot

125
Q

What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) longus?

A

Ori:
- Head of fibula
- Proximal 1\2 of lateral surface of fibula.

Ins:
- Base of the 1st metatarsal
- 1st cuneiform

126
Q

What are the functions of fibularis (peroneus) longus?

A
  • eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
  • plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
127
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis (peroneus) longus?

A

superficial fibular (peroneal)

128
Q

What is the origin & insertion of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

A

Ori: Distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula

Ins: Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone

129
Q

What is the inneravtion of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

A

superficial fibular (peroneal)

130
Q

What are the actions of fibularis (peroneus) brevis?

A
  • eversion of foot @ subtalar joint
  • plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
131
Q

Peroneal (fibularis) muscles are a group , 1 in front (fibularis tertius) of lateral malleolus, and two behind (fibularis longus & brevis) BUT?

A

their action at the ankle joint is different

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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