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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanical axis?

A

Axis of hip joint that rotation of hip joint happens around (connects centre of hip to center of knee joint)

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2
Q

Any muscle located posterior to the center of rotation will cause?

A

lateral rotation

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3
Q

Any muscle located anterior to the centre of rotation will cause?

A

medial rotation

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4
Q

A tough fibrous sheath that invests the thigh like a sleeve.

A

deep fascia of thigh (fascia lata)

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5
Q

Fascia lata is thickened laterally where it forms a band.

A

Iliotibial tract or band (ITT or ITB)

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6
Q

The __ is split in its upper part and invests the tensor fascia lata muscle between its two layers and acts as a tendon for this muscle.

A

ITT/ITB (Iiliotibial tract/band)

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7
Q

Deep fascia on thigh attaches to deep fascia in abdomen, therefore for abdominal palpation what do you ask of your patient?

A
  • that they flex their hip joint
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8
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia lata
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9
Q

What are the innervations of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A
  • Glut max: innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
  • Glut med, glut mini, & tensor fascia lata: innervated by superior gluteal nerve
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10
Q

What is an immigrant muscle of the superficial gluteal muscles? Why?

A

Tensor fascia lata is not located in the gluteal region, it is on lateral side of upper thigh –> immigrant muscle (muscle forms close to gluteal legion but migrates to upper lateral side of thigh)

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11
Q

What is the origin & insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Ori:
- Posterior Iliac crest
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- Sacrotuberous ligament

Ins:
- Iliotibial tract (band)
- Gluteal tuberosity of femur

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12
Q

What are the functions of gluteus maximus?

A
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint) – MAIN FUNCTION
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint) – upper 1/3
  • Adduction of thigh (hip joint) – lower 2/3
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Posterior pelvic tilt
  • Helps lock knee in extension
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13
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

A
  • inferior gluteal nerve
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14
Q

What is the MAIN FUNCTION of gluteus maximus?

A
  • extension of thigh (hip joint)
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15
Q

The attachment of the gluteus maximus to the ITT causes?

A
  • knee stability - helps lock knee in extension
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16
Q

Which muscle has their posterior third covered by the gluteus maximus?

A

gluteus medius

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17
Q

What is the origin & insertion of gluteus medius?

A

Ori: External surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Ins: Lat. surface of greater trochanter

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18
Q

What are the functions of gluteus medius?

A
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint) - entire muscle – MAIN FUNCTION
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint) – anterior fibers
  • Medial rotation of thigh (hip joint) – anterior fibers
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint) – posterior fibers
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint) – posterior fibers
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19
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

What is the origin & insertion of gluteus minimus?

A

Ori: Gluteal surface of ilium; between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Ins: Anterior surface of greater trochanter

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21
Q

What are the functions of the gluteus minimus?

A
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint) – entire muscle
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint) – anterior fibers
  • Medial rotation of thigh (hip joint) – anterior fibers
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint) – posterior fibers
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint) – posterior fibers
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22
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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23
Q

Which two muscles of the superficial gluteal muscles have the same fucntions?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
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24
Q

What the deltoid muscles of the hip joint (i.e., don’t do adduction)?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
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25
Q

When is the Trendelenburg sign/gait positive?

A
  • When leg is raised (hip joint if flexed) pelvis would fall down
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26
Q

What is the origin & insertion of tensor fascia lata?

A

Ori: Lateral side of ASIS & anterior part of the iliac crest

Ins: Tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via ITB (ITT) (1/3 of the way down the thigh)

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27
Q

What are the functions of tensor fascia lata?

A
  • Flexion of thigh (hip joint)
  • Abduction of thigh (hip joint)
  • Medial rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Anterior pelvic tilt
  • Tenses ITB to support femur on tibia during standing
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28
Q

What is the innervation of tensor fascia lata?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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29
Q

What muscles comprise the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior Gemellus
  • Obturator internus
  • Inferior gemellus
  • Quadratus femerus
  • Obturator externus
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30
Q

Which deep gluteal muscle is commonly considered a part of the adductor group?

A

obturator externus

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31
Q

What are the common functions of the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint) - ALL
  • Abduction - piriformis, superior gemellus, obturatory internus, inferior gemellus
  • Adduction - quadratus femerus, obturator externus
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32
Q

What is the innervation of the deep gluteal muscles?

A
  • sacral plexus
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33
Q

What is the origin & insertion of piriformis?

A

Ori: Anterior sacrum

Ins: Superior border of greater trochanter

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34
Q

What are the functions of piriformis?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint) – when hip is extended
  • Horizontal abduction of thigh (hip joint)
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35
Q

What is the innervation of piriformis?

A
  • nerve to piriformis from sacral plexus
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36
Q

What is piriformis syndrome?

A

If one (or both) branches of the sciatic nerve pass through the piriformis –> muscle can pinch nerve –> piriformis syndrome

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37
Q

What is the origin & insertion of superior gemellus?

A

Ori: Ischial spine

Ins: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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38
Q

What are the functions of superior gemellus?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Horizontal abduction of thigh (hip joint)
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39
Q

What is the innervation of superior gemellus?

A

nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)

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40
Q

What is the origin & insertion of obturator internus?

A

Ori: Inner surface of obturator membrane

Ins: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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41
Q

What are the functions of obturator internus?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Horizontal abduction of thigh (hip joint)
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42
Q

What is the innervation of obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)

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43
Q

What is the origin & insertion of inferior gemellus?

A

Ori: Ischial tuberosity

Ins: Medial surface of greater trochanter

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44
Q

What are the functions of inferior gemellus?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Horizontal abduction of thigh (hip joint)
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45
Q

What is the innervation of inferior gemellus?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)

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46
Q

Which three deep gluteal muscles run together?

A
  • Superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
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47
Q

What is the origin & insertion of quadratus femoris?

A

Ori: Ischial tuberosity

Ins: Quadrate tubercle of femur

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48
Q

What are the functions of quadratus femoris?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Adduction of thigh (hip joint) - weak
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49
Q

What is the innervation of quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)

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50
Q

What is the origin & insertion of obturator externus?

A

Ori: Outer surface of the obturator membrane

Ins: Trochanteric fossa

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51
Q

What are the functions of the obturator externus?

A
  • Lateral rotation of thigh (hip joint)
  • Adduction of thigh (hip joint) - weak
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52
Q

What is the innervation of obturator externus?

A

obturator (from lumbar plexus)

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53
Q

What divides the thigh into 3 compartments?

A

3 intermuscular septae

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54
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A
  • anterior (extensor) compartment
  • medial (adductor) compartment
  • posterior (flexor) compartment
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55
Q

What compartment houses the extensor muscles of the thigh?

A

anterior (extensor) compartment

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56
Q

What is the anterior (extensor) compartment innervated by?

A

femoral nerve

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57
Q

What is the one exception to the anterior (extensor) compartment?

A

The sartorius muscle is located in this compartment and is innervated by the femoral nerve; however, it is an exception in that it flexes the hip and knee joints

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58
Q

What muscle houses the adductor muscles of the thigh?

A

medial (adductor) compartment

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59
Q

What is the innervation of the medial (adductor) compartment?

A

obturator nerve

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60
Q

What are the 2 exceptions to the medial (adductor) compartment?

A

exception for pectineus muscle that is innervated by femoral nerve and adductor magnus muscle that is innervated by both obturator and tibial nerves

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61
Q

What compartment houses the flexor muscles in the thigh?

A

posterior (flexor) compartment

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62
Q

What is the posterior (flexor) compartment innervated by?

A

sciatic nerve

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63
Q

What is the origin & insertion of biceps femoris?

A

Ori:
- Long head: Ischial tuberosity
- Short head: Linea aspera

Ins:
- Head of fibula
- Lateral condyle of tibia

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64
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus
  • semimembranosus
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65
Q

What are the functions of biceps femoris?

A
  • Flexion of leg (knee joint) - entire muscle
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint) – long head
  • Lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint (when knee is flexed)
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66
Q

What is the innervation of biceps femoris?

A

Tibial (long head) and common fibular (peroneal) (short head) branches of sciatic nerve

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67
Q

What is the origin & insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Ori: Ischial tuberosity

Ins: Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)

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68
Q

What are the functions of semitendinosus?

A
  • Flexion of leg (knee joint)
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint)
  • Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint) – when knee if flexed
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69
Q

What is the innervation of semitendinosus?

A

tibial branch of sciatic nerve

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70
Q

What is the origin & insertion of semimembranosus?

A

Ori: Ischial tuberosity

Ins: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

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71
Q

What are the functions of semimembranosus?

A
  • Flexion of leg (knee joint)
  • Extension of thigh (hip joint)
  • Medial rotation of leg @ knee joint - when knee is flexed
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72
Q

What is the innervation of semimembranosus?

A

tibial

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73
Q

What is the lateral hamstring?

A

Biceps femoris

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74
Q

What are the medial hamstrings?

A

semitendinosus & semimembranosus

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75
Q

What does shortening of the hamstring cause?

A

low back pain
- Shortening can pull on ischial tuberosity –> posterior pelvic tilt –> lumbar spine follows movement of pelvis and changes tension of ligaments & mucles –> low back pain

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76
Q

What is the girdle that attaches the lower limb to the axial skeleton called?

A

pelvic girdle

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77
Q

What is the pelvic girdle made up of?

A

hip bones & sacrum

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78
Q

What are the 4 parts of the lower limb?

A
  • gluteal
  • thigh (from hip to knee)
  • leg (crura) (from knee to ankle)
  • foot (pes) (from heel to toes)
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79
Q

What make bones make up the thigh?

A

femur & patella

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80
Q

What bones make up the gluteal region?

A

hip

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81
Q

What bones make up the leg region?

A

tibia & fibula

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82
Q

What bones make up the foot region?

A
  • tarsal bones
  • metasarsal bones
  • 14 phalanges
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83
Q

What is the sacrum made up of?

A
  • 5 rudimentary vertebrae fused later on in life (20-30 years of age)
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84
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with superiorly?

A

L5

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85
Q

What does the sacrum articulat w/ inferiorly?

A

coccyx

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86
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with laterally?

A
  • 2 hip bones (sacroiliac joints vix auricular surfaces)
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87
Q

What does the vertebral canal become in the sacrum?

A

sacral canal

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88
Q

What is the premature opening at the bottom of the sacral canal?

A

sacral hiatus

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89
Q

What forms from the fusion of many vertebral processes (ex., TVP’s) on the posterior aspect of the sacrum?

A

sacral crests

90
Q

What is the name of the foramina on the sacrum that allow passage for posterior rami of S1-S4 nerves?

A

posterior sacral foramina

91
Q

Why is the anterior surface of the sacrum very smooth?

A

because it faces organs

92
Q

What is the name of the foramina on the sacrum that allow passage for anterior rami of S1-S4 nerves?

A

Anterior foramina

93
Q

What is the edge called where L5 vertebra will sit?

A

sacral promontory

94
Q

What are the ‘wings’ of the sacrum that help form the sacroiliac joint?

A

sacral ala

95
Q

The anterior border of this surface contributes to the formation of?

A

pelvic inlet (Superior Aperture)

96
Q

Horns on the top of the surface of the 1st coccygeal vertebra which meet the sacral cornu protecting the exiting coccygeal spinal nerve.

A

Coccygeal cornu

97
Q

What are two other names for the hip bone?

A
  • os coxa
  • innominate bone
98
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the hip bone?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis
99
Q

What is the socket of the hip bone called?

A

acetabulum

100
Q

Permits passage of important nerves and vessels as they travel from pelvis to thigh

A

Obturator foramen

101
Q

When you put your hands on your hips which part of the ilium are you touching (i.e., the most superior part)?

A

iliac crest

102
Q

What is the prominent bump on the iliac crest called?

A

iliac tubercle (tuberculum)

103
Q

What are the 3 lines across the lateral surface of the ilium?

A
  • posterior gluteal line
  • anterior gluteal line
  • inferior gluteal line
104
Q

What is the small groove on top of the acetabulum called?

A

supra-acetabular groove/sulcus

105
Q

What feature of the ilium gives attachment to the rectus femoris muscle?

A

supra-acetabular groove/sulcus

106
Q

Why is the medial surface of the ilium smooth (i.e., the iliac fossa)?

A

because it is housing abdominal organs

107
Q

What is an important attachment point for powerful ligaments that support the SI joint on the medial side of the ilium?

A

iliac tuberosity

108
Q

What is the line called on the medial side of the ilium that helps divide the top of the pelvis to the bottom of the pelvis?

A

arcuate line

109
Q

What is the chunky line where the ilium attaches to pubis called?

A

iliopectineal (iliopubic) eminence

110
Q

What is the articular surface on the ilium called that articulates with the sacrum?

A

auricular surface

111
Q

What are the two projections off the anterior aspect of the ilium called?

A
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • anterior inferior iliac spine
112
Q

What are the two projections off the posterior aspect of the ilium called?

A
  • posterior superior iliac spine
  • posterior inferior iliac spine
113
Q

What is just inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spines?

A

greater sciatic notch

114
Q

What is the section of the ischium that comes into contact with the ischium called?

A

the body

115
Q

What is the sharp projection off of the body of the ischium?

A

ischial spine

116
Q

What sits in between the posterior inferior iliac spine and the ischial spine?

A

greater sciatic notch

117
Q

What is just inferior to the ischial spine of the ischium?

A

lesser sciatic notch

118
Q

What is the arm/bridge on the ischium?

A

ischium ramus

119
Q

Along the ischial ramus is a prominent bumpy ledge which is called?

A

ischial tuberosity

120
Q

T/F: ischial tuberosity is only seen on the medial side of the hip bone

A

False, only seen on lateral side

121
Q

What is the name of the inferior border of the ischiopubic ramus called (i.e., where it attaches to pubic bone)?

A

ischiopubic ramus

122
Q

What is the smallest bone of the 3 fused hip bones?

A

pubis

123
Q

What is the structure on the pubis that forms an attachment to the other pubic bone?

A

body

124
Q

Sharp line superior to the superior ramus

A

pectineal line

125
Q

The superior ramus units with the ilium superiorly at the?

A

illiopectineal eminence

126
Q

What is bounded by the iliopubic eminence and ischiopubic eminence?

A

obturator foramen

127
Q

The Body articulates with the body of the pubic bone on the other side at the __ __. . It has a rounded __ __ on its superior surface that ends laterally as the prominent __ __

A

pubic symphysis; pubic crest; pubic tubercle

128
Q

The __ __ (7) projects postero-laterally from the body and joins the ilium and ischium at its base

A

Superior Ramus

129
Q

The __ __ (8) joins to the inferior ischial ramus to form the inferior border of hip bone (the ischio-pubic ramus).

A

Inferior Ramus

130
Q

Deep, cup-shaped, hemispherical depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone formed by the pubis, ilium, & ischium

A

acetabulum

131
Q

What does the rim or margin of the acetabulum serve as an attachment for?

A

fibrocartilage structure called acetabular labrum

132
Q

Deep notch below the acetabular labrum.

A

acetabular notch

133
Q

Circular non-articular depression at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum.

A

acetabular fossa

134
Q

The curved articular surface of the acetabulum for articulation with the head of the femur

A

lunate surface

134
Q

What converts the notch of the acetabulum into the acetabular foramen?

A

transverse acetabular ligament

135
Q

the longest and strongest bone in the skeleton

A

Femur

136
Q

What is situated a little below & behind the centre of the head of the femur?

A

fovea capitis femoris (fovea of the head)

137
Q

What does the fovea capitis femoris (fovea of the head) of the femur give attachment to?

A

ligamentum teres femoris (round ligament of the femur)

138
Q

Large quadrilateral eminence, situated at the junction of the neck with the upper part of the body (femur).

A

greater trochanter

139
Q

Deep depression on the medial surface of the femur for insertion of tendon of obturator externus muscle.

A

trochanteric fossa

140
Q

conical eminence of the femur

A

lesser trochanter

141
Q

Located between the trochanters on the anterior aspect of the proximal end of femur

A

intertrochanteric line

142
Q

Located between the trochanters on the posterior aspect of the proximal end of femur

A

intertrochanteric crest

143
Q

How is the lesser trochanter of the femur best viewed?

A

posteriorly

144
Q

The Body or Shaft of the femur , almost cylindrical in form and convex in front, is strengthened by a prominent longitudinal ridge, the?

A

linea aspera

145
Q

The linea aspera of the femur is prolonged superiorly by 3 ridges, what are they called?

A
  • lateral: gluteal tuberosity
  • intermediate ridge: pectineal line
  • medial ridge
146
Q

Below the superior 3 ridges of the linea aspera, it is prolonged into 2 ridges called?

A

supracondylar ridges - enclosing a triangular area, the popliteal surface

147
Q

What separates the medial and lateral condyle of the femur in the anterior view?

A

patellar surface

148
Q

What separates the medial and lateral condyle of the femur in the posterior view?

A

intercondylar fossa

149
Q

Above each condyle is an elevation called?

A

medial and lateral epicondyles

150
Q

What is on top of the medial epicondyle?

A

adductor tubercle

151
Q

Flat, triangular bone, situated on the front of the knee joint.

A

patella

152
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

anterior surface of the knee

152
Q

What is the patella usually regarded as?

A

sesamoid bone

153
Q

The __ __ is convex and marked by numerous rough, longitudinal striæ

A

anterior surface

154
Q

What separates the patella from the skin?

A

bursa

155
Q

What covers the anterior surface of the patella?

A

expansion from the tendon of the quadriceps femoris, which is continuous below with the superficial fibers of the patellar ligament

156
Q

The __ __ of the patella presents above a smooth, oval, articular area, divided into two facets by a vertical ridge; the ridge corresponds to the groove on the patellar surface of the femur, and the facets to the medial and lateral parts of the same surface; the lateral facet is the broader and deeper

A

posterior surface

157
Q

What does the rough posterior surface of the patella give attachment to?

A

patellar ligament

158
Q

What is the superior border of the patella called?

A

base

159
Q

What does the base of the patella give attachment to?

A

portion of the quadriceps femoris tendon which is derived from the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles

160
Q

What do the medial and lateral borders of the patella give attachment o?

A

portions of the quadriceps femoris which are derived from the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles

161
Q

What does the apex of the patella give attachment to?

A

patellar ligament (tendon)

162
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

femur

163
Q

Which bone of the leg is largest of the two bones (the weight bearing bone)?

A

tibia

164
Q

The Upper end of the tibia is large, and expanded into two eminences, the __ and __ __

A

medial and lateral condyles

165
Q

The superior articular surface of the tibia presents two smooth articular facets separated by the __ __.

A

intercondylar eminence

166
Q

What does the intercondylar eminence of the tibia consist of?

A

medial and later intercondylar tubercle

167
Q

Anterior to the condyles of the tibia, there is a large elevation, the?

A

tibial tuberosity

168
Q

The medial condyle of the tibia presents posteriorly a deep transverse groove, which is an attachment for what?

A

semimembranosus muscle

169
Q

The lateral condyle of the tibia presents posteriorly a flat articular facet, for articulation with the head of the fibula called?

A

fibular facet

170
Q

__ __ is located on the lateral condyle where the iliotibial band (iliotibial tract) inserts (tibia)

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

171
Q

The anterior border of the tibia, the most prominent of the three, is __

A

subcutaneous

172
Q

The interosseous or lateral border of the tibia gives attachment to the __ __.

A

interosseous membrane

173
Q

The medial surface of the tibia is smooth and __

A

subcutaneous

174
Q

What does the posterior surface of the tibia present?

A

soleal line

175
Q

What is the large process of the distal medial side of the tibia?

A

medial malleolus

176
Q

The distal lateral surface of the tibia presents the __ __, the inferior surface articulates with the __

A

fibular notch; talus

176
Q

The fibula is on the __ side of the tibia

A

lateral

176
Q

What is the superior point of the head of the fibula called?

A

apex

177
Q

The medial border of the fibula give attachment to?

A

interosseous membrane

178
Q

__ __ of the fibula descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus of the tibia.

A

lateral malleolus

179
Q

Behind and beneath the articular surface of the lateral malleolus (on its medial surface) is a rough depression, which gives attachment to the posterior talofibular ligament called __ __

A

malleolar fossa

180
Q

The foot is made of three parts, what are they called?

A
  • tarsus
  • metatarsus
  • digits
181
Q

How many tarsal bones are there?

A

7

182
Q

What are the tarsal bone groups?

A
  • Proximal group: talus above and calcaneus below.
  • Intermediate group: navicular; articulates posteriorly with the head of the talus.
  • Distal group: consists of cuboid and three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate and lateral).
183
Q

What does the proximal group of tarsal bones consist of?

A

talus & calcaneus

184
Q

What does the intermediate group of tarsal bones consist of?

A

navicular

185
Q

What does the distal group of tarsal bones consist of?

A
  • cuboid
  • cuneiforms: medial, intermediate, lateral
186
Q

The metatarsal bones are made up of 5 which are numbered from __ to __

A

medial to lateral

187
Q

The fifth metatarsal bone is recognized by a rough eminence, the __, on the lateral side of its base

A

tuberosity

188
Q

__ __ of the body of the talus presents a smooth trochlear surface, for articulation with the inferior surface of the distal end of the tibia

A

Superior surface

189
Q

Inferior surface of the talus presents two articular areas, the posterior and middle calcaneal surfaces, separated from one another by a deep groove, the __ __

A

sulcus tali

190
Q

In the foot the sulcus tali lies above a similar groove upon the upper surface of the calcaneus, and forms, with it, a canal (sinus tarsi) filled up by the __ __ __

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

191
Q

What does the posterior surface of the talus articulate with (inferiorly)?

A

calcaneus

192
Q

What does the head of the talus articulate with (anterior)?

A

navicular

193
Q

The medial surface of the talus articulates with the?

A

medial malleolus

194
Q

The lateral surface of the talus articulates with the?

A

lateral malleolus

195
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone?

A

calcaneus

196
Q

Where is the calcaneus situated? What is its purpose?

A

the lower and back part of the foot, serving to transmit the weight of the body to the ground, and forming a strong lever for the muscles of the calf

197
Q

How many surfaces does the calcaneus present?

A

6

198
Q

The superior surface of the calcaneus has 3 articular facets for the? The calcaneus also has an articular surface for which bone?

A

talus; cuboid

199
Q

What is the sulcus called on the superior surface of the calcanenus?

A

calcaneal sulcus

200
Q

On this surface there is a sulcus, the calcaneal sulcus. In the articulated foot this sulcus lies below a similar one on the under surface of the talus, and the two form a canal (__ __) for the lodgment of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

A

sinus tarsi

201
Q

What is the plantar surface of the calcaneus called (what touched the ground)?

A

calcaneal tuberosity with lateral and medial processes

202
Q

Where does the plantar fascia attach to?

A

calcaneal tuberosity

203
Q

Anterior to the calcaneal tuberosity is the?

A

calcaneal tubercle

204
Q

What is the horizontal eminence of the medial surface of the calcaneus called?

A

sustentaculum tali

205
Q

Calcaneus: Below the sustentaculum tali is a groove for the tendon of the?

A

flexor hallucis longus

206
Q

What is the elevated ridge that separates two oblique grooves on the lateral surface of the calcaneus?

A

fibular (peroneal) tubercle or trochlea

207
Q

What is in front and behind the navicular bone?

A

talus behind and the cuneiform bones in front

208
Q

What does the anterior surface of the navicular bone articulate with?

A

three cuneiform bones

209
Q

What does the posterior surface of the navicular bone articulate with?

A

head of talus

210
Q

The medial surface of the navicular bone presents a rounded __

A

tuberosity

211
Q

The __ __ is placed on the lateral side of the foot, in front of the calcaneus, and behind the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones

A

cuboid bone

212
Q

Where does the axis of the foot passes through?

A

2nd toe and metatarsal bone

213
Q

What is abduction and adduction of the toes considered relative to?

A

2nd toe

214
Q

What does the medial cuneiform articulate with?

A

1st metatarsal

215
Q

What do the cuneiform bones articulate with anteriorly?

A

navicular

216
Q

What does the intermediate cuneiform articulate with?

A

2nd metatarsal

217
Q

What does the lateral cuneiform articulate with?

A

3rd metatarsal

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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