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BMS100 MSK Anatomy > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

A physiological joint (no true articulation)

A

scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

Movements of this joint is provided by the muscles attached to scapula ( subscapularis & serratus anterior)

A

scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

Any movement at the scapulothoracic joint will result in movement of which two joints?

A

acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular

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4
Q

Provides a movable base for the Humerus, hence increasing arm ROM at shoulder joint

A

scapulothoracic joint

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5
Q

Helps deltoid function with proper tension with arm above 90 degrees

A

scapulothoracic joint

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6
Q

Provides Glenohumeral stability for overhead work

A

scapulothoracic joint

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7
Q

Absorbs shocks to outstretched arms

A

scapulothoracic joint

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8
Q

What are the movements of the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  • Protraction (spine)
  • Retraction (spine)
  • Elevation (ribcage)
  • Depression (ribcage)
  • Upward rotation (scapula)
  • Downward rotation (scapula)
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9
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • Facet on the medial end of the clavicle (aka sternal facet)
  • Facet on manubrium of sternum
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10
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

modified saddle

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11
Q

What is the only synovial connection of the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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12
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • Sternoclavicular: reinforce joint capsule front & back
  • Interclavicular: reinforce joint superiorly
  • Costoclavicular: anchor clavicle to first rib
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13
Q

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • elevation of clavicle
  • depression of clavicle
  • protraction
  • retraction
  • rotation of clavicle
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14
Q

With scapular protraction, the clavicle?

A

retracts

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15
Q

With scapular retraction, the clavicle?

A

protracts

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16
Q

The clavicle rotates posteriorly when the arm?

A

abucts

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17
Q

The clavicle rotates anteriorly when the arm?

A

adducts

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18
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • Facet on the lateral end of the clavicle (aka acromial facet)
  • Facet on the medial end of the acromion
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19
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

plane synovial joint

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20
Q

What movement does the acromioclavicular joint have?

A

slide and glide

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21
Q

Acromioclavicular joint moves as a result of?

A

scapular movement

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22
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • acriomioclavicular ligament
  • trapezoid ligament
  • conoid ligament
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23
Q

A strong fibrous band that reinforces the superior aspect of the acromioclavicular joint

A

acriomioclavicular ligament

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24
Q

Extends from the coracoid process of the scapula to the trapezoid line on the inferior lateral end of the clavicle

A

Trapezoid Ligament

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25
Q

Extends from the base of the coracoid process of the scapula to the conoid tubercle on the inferior aspect of the lateral clavicle

A

Conoid Ligament

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26
Q

The trapezoid and the conoid ligaments make up the?

A

Coracoclavicular Ligament

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27
Q

Anchors the lateral end of the clavicle and prevents superior dislocation of the AC joint

A

Coracoclavicular Ligament

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28
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • glenoid fossa of the scapula
  • the head of the humerus
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29
Q

What are the articular surfaces covered by in the glenohumeral joint?

A

hyaline cartilage

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30
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

ball & socket synovial joint (multi-axial – 3 degrees of freedom)

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31
Q

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Adduction/abduction
  • Internal/external rotation
  • Circumduction
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32
Q

The head of the humerus is much __ than the glenoid cavity, only approximately __ of the head of the humerus fits into the glenoid fossa

A

larger; 1/3

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33
Q

A ring of fibrocartilage attached to the margins of the glenoid cavity

A

Glenoid Labrum

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34
Q

What widens and deepens the glenoid cavity allowing articular surfaces to be congruent?

A

glenoid labrum

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35
Q

Where does the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attach?

A

to the margins of the glenoid cavity medially and to the anatomical neck of the humerus laterally

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36
Q

What covers the capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

covered from inside by the synovial membrane

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37
Q

Anteriorly the glenohumeral joint capsule is reinforced by 3 supplemental bands called the?

A

superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

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38
Q

Bridges the upper part of the bicipital groove of the humerus (between the greater and lesser tubercles), converts the intertubercular groove into a canal, and functions as a ‘retinaculum’ for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii, holding the synovial sheath and tendon in place during glenohumeral movements

A

transverse humeral ligament

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39
Q

From the coracoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus. (Intrinsic Ligament)

A

coracohumeral ligament

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40
Q

An extrinsic, protective structure formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula,

A

coracoacromial arch

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41
Q

What bridges the gap between protective structure formed by the smooth inferior aspect of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula?

A

coracoacromial ligament

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42
Q

This arch overlies the head of the humerus, preventing its superior displacement from the glenoid cavity

A

Coracoacromial arch

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43
Q

What are the three bursa surrounding the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • subacromial bursa
  • Subdeltoid bursa
  • subscapular bursa
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44
Q

Which bursa is between acromion and the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

subacromial bursa

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45
Q

Facilitates movements of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch and of the deltoid over the fibrous capsule and greater tubercle of the humerus

A

Subacromial bursa

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46
Q

Where is the subdeltoid bura?

A

between deltoid & fibrous capsule

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47
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa subject to impingement?

A

beneath arcomial arch

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48
Q

What are the degrees of flexion and extension of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Extension: 45° to 50°.
  • Flexion to 180°
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49
Q

Adduction (in the frontal plane starting from position of reference) of the glenohumeral joint is only possible when combined with?

A
  • extension
  • flexion
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50
Q

The joint capsule is very loose and permits free movements. It is least supported inferiorly where dislocation commonly occurs. Such a dislocation may damage the closely related axillary nerve.

A

The capsular ligaments

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51
Q

What plane is flexion and extension in?

A

sagittal plane

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52
Q

What plane is adduction and abduction in?

A

coronal/frontal

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53
Q

What axis does rotation occur in?

A

longitudinal

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54
Q

What is the degree of medial and lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Lateral rotation: to 80°
  • Medial rotation: to 95°
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55
Q

What axis does horizontal adduction and abduction of the shoulder joint take place?

A

vertical axis

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56
Q

What are the degrees of horizontal adduction and abduction in the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Horizontal adduction: range 140
  • Horizontal abduction : range 30°
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57
Q

What muscles are involved in horizontal adduction?

A

Ant. deltoid, subscapularis, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, coracobrachialis, and short H. of biceps

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58
Q

What muscles are involved in horizontal abduction?

A

Post. deltoid, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, rhomboid muscles, trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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59
Q

What 3 joints are a part of the elbow complex?

A
  • Humero-ulnar (Trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna)
  • Humero-radial (Capitulum of humerus articulates with the head of the radius
  • Proximal Radio-ulnar
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60
Q

What joints do we typically think of as “elbow” joint?

A

humero-ulnar and humero-radial

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61
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

synovial hinge (one degree of freedom)

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62
Q

What movements does the elbow joint permit?

A

flexion and extension

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63
Q

Why is the elbow joint a very strong joint structurally?

A

due to the bony configuration (primarily between the humerus and ulna) and the collateral ligaments (radial collateral and ulnar collateral ligaments).

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64
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the humerus in the elbow joint?

A
  • trochlea (medial)
  • capitulum (lateral)
65
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the ulna and radius in the elbow joint?

A
  • the trochlear notch of the ulna, which articulates with the trochlea and has corresponding shape
  • head of radius (fovea)
66
Q

What receives the olecranon process during extension?

A

olecranon fossa

67
Q

What does the capsule of the elbow joint house?

A
  • the true elbow joint
  • superior radioulnar joint
68
Q

Where can the axis of motion of the elbow joint be located?

A

on humans slightly distal to the epicondyles of the humerus (not horizontal)

69
Q

With the elbow at full extension and the forearm supinated (i.e. anatomical position), the forearm deviates laterally in relation to the humerus; this is the?

A

Carrying angle

70
Q

The trochlea extends more distally than the capitulum; hence the axis for flexion and extension is not?

A

fully perpendicular to the humeral shaft

71
Q

What are the ranges of motion of the carrying angle?

A

5-19 degrees

72
Q

Typically __ have a more pronounce carrying angle by 0 - 6 degrees, due to the wider pelvic girdle exhibited in __

A

women

73
Q

What is the purpose of the carrying angle?

A

permits arm to be swung without contacting the hips

74
Q

Common deformity in which the extended forearm is deviated towards midline of the body

A

Cubitus varus

75
Q

Deformity of a limb in which part of it is deviated towards the midline of the body

A

varus

76
Q

Medical deformity in which the elbow is turned in

A

Cubitus valgus

77
Q

What is the main function of the elbow joint ligaments?

A

keep the articular surfaces in apposition

78
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

A
  • medial (ulnar) collateral ligament)
  • lateral (radial) collateral ligament)
79
Q

What ligaments will also keep the half-ring fitted to the pulley and prevent all sideways movements in the elbow joint?

A
  • medial (ulnar) collateral ligament)
  • lateral (radial) collateral ligament)
80
Q

What strengthens the capsule of the elbow joint?

A
  • anterior ligament
  • oblique anterior ligament
81
Q

What muscle does extension of the elbow depend?

A

triceps brachii (aconeus exerts minor action)

82
Q

What is the strongest head of the triceps brachii?

A

lateral

83
Q

What are the 3 major flexor muscles of the elbow joint?

A
  • brachialis
  • brachioradialis
  • biceps brachii
84
Q

What is the degree of active elbow flexion?

A

145

85
Q

What is the degree of passive elbow flexion?

A

160

86
Q

Who may have hyperextension of 5-10 degrees of the elbow complex?

A

women and children

87
Q

What type of joint is the superior radio-ulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

88
Q

What is the movement of the superior radio-ulnar joint?

A

rotation

89
Q

What are the 2 cylindrical surfaces of the superior radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • head of radius (cupped surface of head (fovea))
  • fibro-osseous ring (radial notch of ulna + annular ligament)
90
Q

Strong fibrous band attached by its ends to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch of the ulna and lined internally by cartilage continuous with that lining the radial notch

A

annular ligament

91
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the inferior radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • head of ulna
  • ulnar notch of radius
92
Q

What type of joint is the inferior radio-ulnar joint?

A

synovial pivot joint (one degree of movement)

93
Q

What is at the distal edge of the ulnar notch?

A

articular disc

94
Q

What is the articular disc of the inferior radio-ulnar joint attached to?

A

base of styloid process of the ulna

95
Q

What is the purpose of the articular disc of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

bind the radius & ulna together & separate the distal radioulnar joint & ulna from radiocarpal joint

96
Q

What are the proximal and distal surfaces of the disc covered by?

A

articular hyaline cartilage

97
Q

What ligaments support the inferior radio-ulnar joint anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

palmar (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) radioulnar ligaments

98
Q

A ligament connection, lies between the bodies of the radius and ulna.

A

interosseous membrane

99
Q

What type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint?

A

amphiarthrosis, syndesmosis joint

100
Q

What muscles act on the radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • biceps
  • supinator
  • pronator quadratus
  • pronator teres
101
Q

What is the degree of supination of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

90

102
Q

What is the degree of pronation of the radio-ulnar joint?

A

80

103
Q

Can you squeeze your fist maximally without contracting your triceps brachii?

A

No:
- To stabilize the elbow (not waste energy in elbow movement)
- To stabilize the proximal attachments of the finger and wrist muscles

104
Q

What joints are a part of the articular complex of the wrist?

A
  • radio-carpal joint
  • mid-carpal joint
  • intercarpal joints
105
Q

Where is the radio-carpal joint?

A

b/w distal end of radius, disc of distal radiocarpal joint, & proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)

106
Q

What type of joint is the raido-carpal joint?

A

condyloid (ellipsoid) joint

107
Q

What are the movements of the radio-ulnar joint?

A
  • adduction/abduction
  • flexion/extension
108
Q

What type of joint is the mid-carpal joint?

A

synovial planara joint

109
Q

What are the movements of the mid-carpal joint?

A

slide and glide

110
Q

Where is the mid-carpal joint?

A

b/w proximal and distal rows of carpal bones (except pisiform)

111
Q

Where are the intercarpal joints?

A

b/w the proximal or distal carpal bones

112
Q

What type of joint are the intercarpal joints?

A

synovial planar joints

113
Q

What are the two groups of ligaments of the radio-carpal joint?

A
  • collateral ligaments
  • anterior & posterior ligaments
114
Q

What is the lateral collateral ligamentof the wrist attached to?

A

attached to the styloid process of the radius and the scaphoid bone

115
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament attached to?

A

styloid process of ulna and the pisiform and triquetrum bones

116
Q

What are the anterior and posterior ligaments of the radio-carpal joint?

A
  • posterior and anterior radio-carpal ligament
  • posterior and anterior ulno-carpal ligament
117
Q

What ligament becomes “taut” during adduction of the radio-carpal joint?

A

lateral (radial) collateral ligament

118
Q

What ligament becomes “taut” during abduction of the radio-carpal joint?

A

medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

119
Q

What ligament becomes “taut” with flexion of the radio-carpal joint?

A

posterior ligament

120
Q

What ligament becomes “taut” with the extension of the radio-carpal joint?

A

anterior ligament

121
Q

Where is the axis of abduction and adduction of the radio-carpal joint?

A

capitate, located proximally to base of MC III

122
Q

What is the degree of radial deviation of the radio-carpal joint?

A

15

123
Q

What is the degree of ulnar deviation of the radio-carpal joint?

A

30

124
Q

In general the range of abduction and adduction is __ when the wrist is fully flexed or extended, because of the tension developed in carpal ligaments

A

minimal

125
Q

What is the degree of wrist flexion and extension at the radiocarpal joint?

A

85

126
Q

Which muscles are involved in wrist flexion?

A
  • Flexor Carpi Radialis
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Palmaris Longus
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus
127
Q

Which muscles are involved in wrist extension?

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Extensor Digitorum
  • Extensor Digiti Minimi
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
  • Extensor Indicis
128
Q

Which muscles are involved in wrist adduction?

A
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
129
Q

Which muscles are involved in wrist abduction?

A
  • Flexor Carpi Radialis
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
  • Extensor pollicis longus (weak)
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (weak)
130
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint I?

A

synovial saddle joint (3 DOF)

131
Q

Where is carpometacarpal joint I located?

A

between 1st metacarpal and trapezium

132
Q

What are the movements of the carpometacarapl joint I?

A
  • abduction/adduction (in a right angle to palm)
  • flexion/extension (parallel to palm)
  • opposition (rotation of 1st metacarpal on trapezium)
  • 15-20 degree rotation
133
Q

T/F: A common joint cavity is found between the four distal carpals, the CMC joints, and into the intermetacarpal joints

A

True

134
Q

Which carpometacarpal joints (2-5) has the least degree of motion? Which has the most? Middle?

A
  • 2nd & 3rd = least (2 or less)
  • 4th = middle (10-15)
  • 5th = most (25-30)
135
Q

What type of joint are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

synovial condyloid joints

136
Q

Where are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

b/w heads of metacarpal bones & base of proximal phalanges of digits

137
Q

How many DOF does metacarpophalangeal joints have?

A

2

138
Q

What attaches the heads of the metacarpals to the bases of the phalanges?

A

medial & lateral collateral ligaments

139
Q

What supports the metacarpophalangeal joints ventrally?

A

palmar plates (ligaments)

140
Q

When the metacarpophalangeal joints are in 90 degrees flexion, which ligaments are ‘taut’?

A

collateral ligaments

141
Q

What are the two interphalangeal joints?

A
  • proximal interphalangeal joints
  • distal interphalangeal joints
142
Q

Which digit only has one IP joint?

A

1 (thumb)

143
Q

What type of joints are IP joints?

A

hinge (1 DOF)

144
Q

In full flexion and extension, the MCP joint of the thumb cannot perform?

A

any significant abduction or adduction due to the tightening of surrounding joint ligaments

145
Q

in semiflexion of the thumb, how much adbuction/adduction can occur?

A

approx. 5-10 degrees

146
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the digits?

A
  • Extensor Digitorum
  • Extensor Indicis
  • Extensor Digiti Minimi
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis
  • Abductor Pollicis Longus
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus
147
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the digits?

A

Central muscles
- Four Lumbricals
- Three Palmar Interossei
- Four Dorsal Interossei
- Adductor Pollicis

Thenar Muscles:
- Opponens Pollicis
- Abductor Pollicis Brevis
- Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Hypothenar Muscles:
- Opponens Digiti Minimi
- Abductor Digiti Minimi
- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
- Palmaris brevis

148
Q

Which muscles flex digits 2-5?

A
  • FDS
  • FDP
  • Lumbricals
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Palmar interossei
  • Flexor digiti minimi
149
Q

Which muscles extend digits 2-5?

A
  • Ext. digitorum
  • Ext. digiti minimi
  • Ext. indicis
  • Lumbricals
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Palmar interossei
150
Q

Which muscles abduction digits 2-5?

A
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Abductor digiti minimi (digit V)
151
Q

Which muscles adduct digits 2-5?

A
  • palmar interossei
152
Q

Which muscles oppose digits 5?

A
  • opponens digiti minimi
153
Q

Which muscles flex the thumb?

A
  • FPL
  • FPB
154
Q

Which muscles extend the thumb?

A
  • EPL
  • EPB
155
Q

Which muscle adducts the thumb?

A

adductor pollicis

156
Q

Which muscles abduct the thumb?

A
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • abductor pollicis brevis
157
Q

Which muscle opposes the thumb?

A
  • opponens pollicis
158
Q
A

BMS100 MSK Anatomy (9 decks)

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