Pain Types & Management- Chp 28 Flashcards
Pain is …
subjective, real, personal
interferes w/ quality of life
How is pain expressed physiologically?
Vital signs and changes in vitals can show pain physiologically. (Vitals signs often change in general, so should not be used as a sole indicator)
Pain stimulates which nervous system?
Sympathetic. “Fight or Flight”
About 1/2 of our sensitivity to pain is determined by our genetics. T or F
True
Does pain elicit a stress response?
Yes
lasts for 0-3 months; rapid in onset; frequently associated w/ something else & resolves as healing takes past
acute
free nerve cell endings that sense harmful stimuli and trigger the sensation of pain
nociceptors
the process of the nervous system encoding harmful stimuli
nociceptive
How is acute pain usually treated?
With Narcotics/ Analgesics
pain that lasts 3 months and beyond; becomes its own “disease” where pt lacks “tangible evidence” of the pain
Persistent (Chronic) Pain
Treatment for persistent chronic pain
Opioids
Anti Convulsants
Anti Depressants
Episode of pain that last hours to days & is an escalation in usual discomfort
pain flare
Nociceptive pain is a form of ______ and can be _____ or ______
form of acute pain.
can be somatic pain or visceral pain
pain in skin, joints, muscles, bones; this pain is localized
somatic pain
pain in internal organs; poorly localized; tends to be described as cramping, squeezing, or “heavy.”
visceral pain
pain that is felt in one part of the body, but the source of the pain is somewhere else
referred pain
pain caused by damage or disease to the CNS; burning, tingling pain; acute but chronic, pain can come in flares
neuropathic pain
Treatment for neuropathic pain
opioids
anti depressant
anti convulsant
An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and an extreme response to pain
hyperalgesia
Most frequent pain for older adults
somatic / persistent pain
Must older adults worry about what syx?
Constipation
What must given when prescribed an opioid?
Stool softener
Manifestations of pain include
increased blood pressure
increased heart rate
increased respiratory rate (can cause hypoxia)
Physical assessment for pain includes which 2 skills
inspection
palpation (usually used for visceral pain)
a sudden increase in pain that occurs after the effects of a nerve block or anesthesia wear off.
rebound pain
Characteristics of Pain
Onset- When did it start?
Location- Where is the pain?
Duration- How long have u had the pain?
Quality- How would u describe the pain?
Intensity- How would u rate the pain?
Aggravate/Alleviates- What makes the pain better?
Pain Assessment should include
Pain location, intensity, quality
temporal pattern (how the pain changes over time w/ activitY)
Examples of physiologic responses to pain
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, & Respiratory rate,
Metabolic responses
Examples of verbal and non verbal responses to pain
Facial grimacing,
Guarding,
Vocalizations,
Muscle tension
central pain that seems to derive from broken or missing filters or other damage to the central nervous system.
nociplastic pain
pain in the skin area; part of somatic pain
cutaneous pain
