Modes of Transmission- Chap 20 Flashcards
What is the most frequent mode of transmission?
CONTACT
Virulence of organism =
the power of an org to cause disease
occurs when there is physical contact (body to body) between an infected person and a susceptible person.
direct contact
What is “cohorting”
Putting pt’s together that have the same organisms
Contact rooms should have their own designated PPE. T or F
True
refers to the way in which the pathogen moves or is carried from the source’s portal of exit
MODE of transmission
5 Types of mode of transmissions
Contact
Vehicle
Droplet
Airborne
Aerosol
occurs when a susceptible host contacts a contaminated object
indirect contact
Hand Hygiene
Soap and water
Alcohol Based Hand Sanitizer
What causes C diff? How do you get C diff?
C Diff comes from contact w. the bacteria from feces or infected environment; can occur from taking abx- once infected, spores are in the feces & can live on any surface
DON vs DOFF
Don- To put on (outside room)
Doff- To put off (as you exit room)
How far can droplets move?
At least 3 ft (particles are heavier so they drop) > 5micrometers
PPE for droplet precautions
Surgical mask if at least 3-6 feet away
Pts on droplet precaution need surgical mask if they are leaving their room to other depts - receiving dept must be notified
Door can be cracked
fine particles suspended in air that contain a pathogen- Less than 5 micrometers so they can move
airborne transmission
Example of airborne transmission is
Covid
Tuberculosis
Measles
Varicella
PPE for airborne transmission rooms
Negative air pressure rooms
N-95 mask
Closed Door
PPE for contact rooms
Gown and gloves
Cracked Door
biological or mechanical mode of transmission
Examples?
vector transmission
via creatures that carry pathogens/Mosquitoes
Fomites/inanimate objects
transfer of pathogens by way of vehicles or contaminated items
Examples?
Vehicle transmission
Food contanination
Infections that can be passed via droplet transmission
Influenza
Meningococcal Meningitis
Diphtheria, Pertussis
Rubella
common respiratory viruses
person whose own body defense mechanisms, when exposed, cannot withstand the invasion of pathogens- immunocompromised
Susceptible Host
Transmission of large droplets through sneezing, coughing, or talking
Droplet transmission
Infections that can be passed via contact transmission
MDROs
Herpes Simplex
Impetigo
Conditions involving bodily fluids that cannot be contained
Precautions for airborne transmission
Private AIIR; respirator/ N95 mask for nurse; mask worn by the patient during transport out of the room
Precautions for a droplet transmission
Private room or cohort w/ pt of same infection;
Surgical mask required when working within 3 ft of the patient; Mask worn by the patient during transport
Precautions for a contact transmission
Private room or cohort w/ pt of same infection;
Gloves at all times (don before entering room and remove before leaving);
Hand hygiene immediately after removal of gloves
Gown and protective barriers when direct contact with patient occurs; Patient-dedicated equipment, such as stethoscope and blood pressure cuff
physical transfer of organisms btwn infected/colonized persons and susceptible persons through any type of contact w/ contaminated surfaces
contact transmission
