Pain Reliever Drugs Flashcards
What are the uses of Carprofen?
It is used primarily in dogs for osteoarthritis, postop surgical pain, and most inflammatory pain.
Carprofen is known for its effectiveness in managing pain and inflammation in veterinary medicine.
What does Carprofen inhibit in the body?
It inhibits COX enzymes, mostly COX-2, leading to reduced inflammation and pain.
COX-2 is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the inflammatory process.
How is Carprofen commonly administered?
It can be administered via SQ injection, PO (most common), chewable tablets, and caplets.
PO stands for per os, meaning by mouth.
What are the most common side effects of Carprofen?
The most common side effects include:
* Diarrhea
* Vomiting
* GI ulceration/bleeding (although rare)
Monitoring for these side effects is important during treatment.
What precautions should be taken when using Carprofen?
Use with caution with prolonged use and monitor liver and kidney values. It is not approved for use in cats in the U.S.
Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for monitoring organ function.
What is the most common trade name for Carprofen?
Rimadyl
Other trade names include Novox, Vetprofen, and at least 8 more.
Fill in the blank: Carprofen is primarily used in _______.
[dogs]
What is Deracoxib also known as?
Deramaxx®
Deracoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief in dogs.
For which animals is Deracoxib approved?
Dogs only
This medication is specifically formulated and approved for canine use.
What are the brand names for Firocoxib?
Previcox®, Equioxx®
Firocoxib is marketed under these brand names for veterinary use.
For which animals is Firocoxib approved?
Dogs and horses
Firocoxib is versatile and can be used for both canine and equine patients.
What is Robenacoxib approved for?
Dogs and cats (only 3 days in cats)
Robenacoxib is marketed under the brand name Onsior®.
What forms does Robenacoxib come in?
Injectable and tablets
Robenacoxib is available in multiple formulations for ease of administration.
What is Meloxicam indicated for?
Dogs and cats (only 1 perioperative dose approved in cats)
Meloxicam is also known by the brand names Metacam® and Loxicom®.
What is a notable FDA warning associated with Meloxicam in cats?
FDA black box warning to avoid repeated use
This warning is not present in other countries due to decreased dosing recommendations.
What forms does Meloxicam come in?
Injectable and liquid suspension
Meloxicam’s various formulations allow for flexibility in treatment.
True or False: Robenacoxib can be used for more than 3 days in cats.
False
Robenacoxib is only approved for a maximum of 3 days in cats.
What is Grapiprant (Galliprant®)?
A newer NSAID used to treat canine osteoarthritis.
Grapiprant represents an advancement in pain management for dogs suffering from joint issues.
How does Grapiprant differ from traditional NSAIDs?
It has a different mechanism than traditional NSAIDs and is NOT a COX-inhibitor.
Traditional NSAIDs typically inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the inflammatory response.
What is the impact of Grapiprant on the liver, kidneys, and GI tracts?
It has a reduced impact on these organs compared to traditional NSAIDs.
This makes Grapiprant a safer alternative for long-term use in dogs with osteoarthritis.
What is Grapiprant approved for?
Use in dogs only, PO tablets
Grapiprant is specifically designed for canine use.
What are the side effects of Grapiprant?
Vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, lethargy
These side effects may vary in severity among different dogs.
What are the contraindications for Grapiprant?
Do not use in cats
Grapiprant is not safe for feline use.
What is the trade name of Grapiprant?
Galliprant
Galliprant is the commercial name under which Grapiprant is marketed.
What forms does Aspirin come in?
PO Tablets, boluses, granules
Aspirin is available in various oral forms for administration.
Why are Aspirin tablets often coated?
For better GI protection
Coating helps to minimize gastrointestinal irritation.
What is recommended for better tolerance when using Aspirin?
Use buffered options
Buffered Aspirin can help reduce stomach upset.
What are common side effects of Aspirin?
Standard NSAID side effects
This includes gastrointestinal issues, renal impairment, and others typical of NSAIDs.
How does Aspirin affect platelet clumping?
Reduces platelet clumping
This can lead to an increased risk of bleeding.
True or False: It is important to ask if a pet has been on Aspirin before surgery.
True
Prior use of Aspirin can affect surgical outcomes due to its blood-thinning properties.
What is the primary use of Acetaminophen?
Analgesia in dogs only
Acetaminophen should only be used under DVM recommendation or prescription.
What is the trade name for Acetaminophen?
Tylenol®
What is a significant concern associated with Acetaminophen?
High risk of toxicity
Who should recommend or prescribe Acetaminophen for use in dogs?
DVM
Fill in the blank: Acetaminophen has _______ use and high risk of toxicity.
limited
Why do we use Phenylbutazone
skeletal pain/inflammation primarily used in horses
what is trade name for phenylbutazone
bute
what are side effects of phenylbutazone
GI bleeding
bone marrow suppression
what are precautions for phenylbutazone
caution with prolonged use - close monitoring
why do we use Flunixin Meglumine
soft tissue pain used more frequently in horses
what are precautions for flunixin meglumine
use with caution with prolonged use - close monitoring
small animal P need to be well hydrated and have IV fluids
what is the trade name for flunixin meglumine
Banamine
what is the trade name for Frunevetmab
solensia
what is the use for frunevetmab
OA pain in cats only
what is frunevetmab
monoclonal antibodies that targets NGF
what is trade name for bedinvetmab
librela
what is use of bedinvetmab
OA pain in dogs only
what is bedinvetmab
monoclonal antibodies that target NGF
what is Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan used for
treat OA pain in horses and dogs
what is the trade name for Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan
adequan
what is polysulfated glycosaminoglycan derived from and how does it work
derived from bovine cartilage
reduces degenerative change in the joints, and promotes healthy synovial fluid
what is the use of gabapentin
adjunctive pain relief, primarily for chronic OA pain, neuropathic pain and cancer pain
what is the use for Amantadine
used for adjunctive pain relief or in place of NSAID for P that cannot tolerate
what species use amantadine
dogs cats horses
what is tramadol used for
alternative or adjunctive analgesic med
post-op or chronic pain in dogs horses and cats
not a strong pain relief
what schedule is tramadol in
controlled drug schedule 4
what is methocarbamol used for
pain relief of muscular condition’s
its a muscle relaxer
not an analgesic
what is lidocaine and bupivacaine used for
local nerve block - can provide complete anesthesia of an area
what are the common side effects of NSAID
V, D, GI bleeding and ulceration
