Cardio Drugs

Question 1

what class is pimobendan in

Answer 1

inotropic

Question 2

what does pimobendan do

Answer 2

increase strength of contraction
also causes dilation of veins to reduce afterload

Question 3

what are the side effects of pimobendan

Answer 3

anorexia, lethargy, and diarrhea

Question 4

what are the contraindications of pimobendan

Answer 4

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis

Question 5

what is the trade name of pimobendan

Answer 5

vetmedin

Question 6

what is digoxin used to tx

Answer 6

same as pimobenden but not used as much any more in animal medicine

Question 7

what are side effects of digoxin

Answer 7

anorexia, v, d, arrythmias

Question 8

what is epinephrine used for

Answer 8

administered IV in emergency situations (resuscitation)

Question 9

what is dopamine used for

Answer 9

IV in acute heart failure
can be used on all patients

Question 10

what is dopamine side effects

Answer 10

v, tachycardia, dyspnea, blood pressure variations

Question 11

how do diuretics work

Answer 11

reduce fluid in the body
increase urination by preventing absorption of Na and water from the loop of henle/distal convoluted tubules in the nephron

Question 12

what is the trade name for furosemide

Answer 12

lasix or salix

Question 13

what does furosemide do

Answer 13

rapidly reduces pulmonary edema, plural effusion, and abdominal effusion

Question 14

what class is furosemide in

Answer 14

diuretic - very powerful
urination in 20-30 min or less

Question 15

what are side effects of furosemide

Answer 15

hypokalemia, dehydration, hyponatremia, ototoxicity (cats), weakness, shock (if OD)

Question 16

what do we need to monitor when patient is on furosemide

Answer 16

electrolytes q3-6months

Question 17

when do we need to use caution for when using furosemide

Answer 17

dehydrated or shocky patients

Question 18

what is torsemide and why do we use it

Answer 18

powerful diuretic - 10-20 times more potent
longer acting diuretic than furosemide

Question 19

what are torsemide side effects

Answer 19

v, d, anorexia, polyuria, increased renal values

Question 20

when using torsemide we need to use caution for

Answer 20

dehydrated or shocky patients

Question 21

what is spironlactone

Answer 21

diuretic less likely to cause hypokalemia - potassium sparing diuretic
doesn’t work well in dogs and cats and not used much anymore

Question 22

what is spironolactone and benazepril

Answer 22

diuretic and ACE-inhibitor

Question 23

what does spironolactone and benazepril do

Answer 23

reduces fluid and decreases blood pressure

Question 24

what is the trade name for spironolactone and benazepril

Answer 24

Cardalis

Question 25

what is enalapril and benazepril

Answer 25

vasodilators that prevent vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin converting enzyme which blocks the RAAS system

Question 26

what class is enalapril and benazepril

Answer 26

ACE-inhibitors

Question 27

what are ACE-inhibitors used for

Answer 27

treat heart failure, hypertension (heart failure = renal failure), help to reduce protein loss from kidneys

Question 28

what are side effects of ACE-inhibitors

Answer 28

hypotension, azotemia, v, d, hyperkalemia

Question 29

what is telisartan

Answer 29

vasodilator, angiotension 2 receptor blocker

Question 30

what is the trade name for telmisartan

Answer 30

semintra

Question 31

what is temisartan used to treat

Answer 31

hypertension and kidney disease that results in protein loss

Question 32

what are side effects of telmisartan

Answer 32

v, d, anemia, hypotension, hypersalivation

Question 33

what is amlodipine

Answer 33

vasodilator

Question 34

what does amlodipine do

Answer 34

treat systemic hypertension and mitral valve disease in cats and dogs

Question 35

what are side effects of amlodipine

Answer 35

hypotension, v, gingival hyperplasia in dogs

Question 36

what is hydralazine

Answer 36

vasodilator that dilates arteries by relaxing smooth muscle in the walls, greatly improves cardiac output

Question 37

what does hydralazine used to treat

Answer 37

left-sided congestive heart failure

Question 38

what are side effects of hydralazine

Answer 38

hypotension, v, d, sodium and water retention, tachycardia

Question 39

what is prazosin and what does it do

Answer 39

reduces blood pressure and causes vasodilation without activating the RAAS system, used to treat dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, hypertension

Question 40

what are side effects of prazosin

Answer 40

hyptotension, syncope, v, d

Question 41

what is nirtoglycerin ointment and trade name

Answer 41

vasodilator, unsure on efficacy transdermal med so wear gloves

Question 42

what is sildenafil and tadalafil, trade name

Answer 42

sildenafil (viagra) tadalafil (cialis) used for right-sided heart failure and hypertensin in lungs in dogs

Question 43

CHF treatment positive inotrope = _____ diuretic = _____ , ________and _____ vasodilator = ______

Answer 43

+ inotrope = pimobendan diuretic = furosemide, torsemide, spironolactone vasodilator = ACE-inhibitors

Question 44

what is lidocaine used for

Answer 44

IV given in an emergency for ventricular arrythmias

Question 45

what are side effects of lidocaine

Answer 45

possibility of methemoglobinemia in cats OD results in neurologic toxicity=depression, ataxia, muscle twitching, and convulsions

Question 46

what is mexiletine used for

Answer 46

treat premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia

Question 47

what is mexiletine side effects

Answer 47

anorexia, v, d, hypotension,

Question 48

what are beta-blockers used for

Answer 48

tachyarrhythmias and hypertension will slow HR for tachyarrhythmias overall will block sympathetic response

Question 49

what are the 4 beta-blockers

Answer 49

propranolol atenolol sotalol carvedilol

Question 50

what are side effects of beta blockers

Answer 50

bradycardia, lethargy, depression, hypotension, syncope or heart failure

Question 51

what is diltiazem class

Answer 51

calcium channel blocker

Question 52

what is diltiazem used for treatment

Answer 52

supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs and cats, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats

Question 53

what are side effects of diltiazem

Answer 53

hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, CHF