Opth/Otic Drugs

Question 1

Neomycin
what does it tx and how do we diagnose this dz
avoid in what species and why
use

Answer 1

Corneal Ulcers and Conjunctivitis - dx through fluorescein stain or rose bengal stain
avoid in cats - cause anaphylactic shock
this antibiotic ocular med is usually in combo with bacitracin and polymyxin B

Question 2

what are the 2 aminoglycoside ocular antibiotics are used

Answer 2

gentamicin
tobramycin

Question 3

what are the 2 fluorquinolones ocular antibiotics that are used

Answer 3

ciprofloxacin
ofloxacin

Question 4

what do we save fluorquinolone ocular antibiotics for

Answer 4

save for known resistant infections of G- bacteria

Question 5

what are the most common fungal dz that ocular antifungals tx

Answer 5

aspergillus
candida

Question 6

what are the 4 ocular antifungal drugs

Answer 6

amphotericin B
Natamycin
Intraconazole
Fluconazole

Question 7

what do ocular antivirals tx

Answer 7

feline herpesvirus keratitis

Question 8

what are the 4 ocular antiviral meds

Answer 8

trifluridine
idoxuridine
famciclovir
l-lysine

Question 9

how do we dx KCS

Answer 9

schirmer tear test
phenol red thread test

Question 10

what are the 3 drugs that tx KCS and what do they do

Answer 10

cyclosporine (optimmune) - suppress immune system in eye to improve aqueous tear production
tacrolimus - compounded; use when cyclosporine in affective
artificial tears- lubricate the eye

Question 11

how do we dx glaucoma how do we do this

Answer 11

tonometry
apply proparacaine drops

Question 12

what are the 2 drugs for acute tx of glaucoma

Answer 12

Lantanoprost
mannitol

Question 13

Lantanoprost
what does it do
do not use in which 2 species you cant use it on

Answer 13

prostaglandin analogue- prostaglandin receptors to reduce IOP
dont use in cars or horses - irritation

Question 14

Mannitol
what does it do
how to use it

Answer 14

Diuretic given IV to reduce IOP pressure

Question 15

what are the two drugs for chronic tx of glaucoma and what are the trade names
what are the class, what do they do

Answer 15

dorzolamide (trusopt)
brinzolamide (azopt)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - reduce production of aqueous humor

Question 16

what is the drug for prevention of glaucoma, how do we use it and what is the class

Answer 16

timolol - used in unaffected eye
beta-adrenergic antagonists

Question 17

what are the 3 steroids used for tx of uveitis

Answer 17

prednisolone
dexmethasone
betamethasone

Question 18

what are the 3 NSAID used for tx of uveitis

Answer 18

Flurbiprofen
diclofenac
bromfenac

Question 19

what is the caution with ocular steroids

Answer 19

ocular steroids cannot be used with corneal ulcers

Question 20

what are the 4 drugs in the cerumenolytic agents

Answer 20

cerumene
douxo miceller
otifoam
cleaRx

Question 21

what are cerumenolytic agents used for

Answer 21

help breakdown wax and purulent exudate

Question 22

what are the 3 drugs in the cleaning/drying agents

Answer 22

epi-otic / advanced
oti-cleaners

Question 23

what are cleaning/drying agents used for

Answer 23

Maintenace agents
can also be used as the main cleanser for ear infections

Question 24

what are the 4 antiseptic agents

Answer 24

malacetic otic
ultra otic
mal-a-ket plus
trizEDTA

Question 25

what are antiseptic agents used for

Answer 25

primarily used with ear infectins contain chlorhexidine and/or acetic acid

Question 26

what are the 3 flushes in antibiotic potentiating agents used for

Answer 26

trizEDTA mal-a-ket plus t8 keto

Question 27

what are the uses for antibiotic potentiating agents

Answer 27

contain tris-EDTA which break down the bacterial cell walls - helps antibiotics and antifungals work better

Question 28

what are the 3 corticosteroid ear meds

Answer 28

betamethasone triamcinolone fluocinolone

Question 29

why do we use corticosteroid ear meds used for

Answer 29

often used in combo with other drugs reduce inflammation and swelling reduce buildup of sebaceous and apocrine gland secretions

Question 30

what are the 3 antibacterial ear meds

Answer 30

gentamicin neomycin enrofloxacine

Question 31

what are antibacterial ear meds used for

Answer 31

tx bacterial ear infections usually in combination with antifungals and corticosteroids

Question 32

what are the 3 antifungal ear meds

Answer 32

clotrimazole miconazole posaconazole

Question 33

what are antifungal ear meds used for

Answer 33

tx malassezia yeast otitis often in combo with other drugs 0 antibacterial and corticosteroid

Question 34

what are the three drugs in Claro and Simplera how to admin

Answer 34

florfenicol terbinafine mometasone q30d

Question 35

what are the drugs in osurnia what is the duration of admin

Answer 35

florfenicol, terbinafine, betamethasone q7d

Question 36

what are the side effects of long term ear meds

Answer 36

ear discharge head shaking tympanic membrane vesicles and irritation if gets through tympanum may cause deafens and damage to facial nerve

Question 37

what are the 5 drugs in antiparasitic ear meds

Answer 37

ivermectin milbemycine oxime pyrethrins fipronil (frontline) selamectin (revolution)

Question 38

what MUST we do before administering ANY ear meds or flushes!

Answer 38

ensure that tympanic membrane is INTACT