Dermatologic Drugs Flashcards by Haley Adkins

what are the three shampoos that treat bacterial pyoderma

chlorhexidine
benzoyl peroxide
triclosan

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how long must shampoo be lathered and left on skin

5-10 minutes before rinsing

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what are the two types of localized therapy (cream, ointment) for bacterial pyoderma

mupirocin
neomycin

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what are the 3 types of shampoo that treat Malassezia

ketoconazole
clotrimazole
miconazole

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what is the 1 oral/systemic tx for Malassezia - what are contraindications and side effects

ketoconazole
use in cats is controversial
side effects: GI upset, hepatotoxicity

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what is Lime Sulfur Dip used to tx

used to tx any dermatologic fungal infection
can also be used to tx demodex infections in cats

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how do we use Lime Sulfur dip

dip/soak and allow to dry on fur

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what are the side effects of Lime Sulfur Dip

stains porous surfaces and light fur yellow, can cause nausea and oral ulcers if ingested, smells like rotten eggs

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what is Miconazole used to tx, not as effective as compared to what, side effects

used to tx any dermatologic fungal infection
generally not as effective as lime sulfur for dermatophytosis, works well on yeast
side effects: possible skin irritation, eye irritation

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what are systemic tx for fungal infections

intraconazole
fluconazole
griseofulvin
ketoconazole
terinafine

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what are the 4 shampoos to tx pruritus

pramoxine
phytosphingosine
colloidal oatmeal
corticosteroids

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what are the 3 types of sprays and topical ointments/creams

diphenhydramine
corticosteroids
burrows solution

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what are the 5 types of Antihistamines

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Cetirizine (zyrtec)
Loratadine (Claratin)
Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
Hydroxyzine (Atarax)

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prednisone/prednisolone which one is best for cats, what does it do

prednisolone better for use in cats, since it needs less hepatic conversion
reduces inflammation and pruritus very well by reducing histamine and suppressing overactive immune response

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what are the side effects of steroids

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia (PU/PD/PP)
Suppresses production of internal, natural corticosteroids from adrenal gland and interferes with homeostasis of those hormones
Reduction in immune system  increased infections
GI irritation/ ulceration
Increased blood glucose levels
Increased liver enzymes
Panting
Behavioral changes
Muscle weakness and atrophy

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what are the precautions for steroids
what is unique to steroids

do not use with NSAID (caused increased GI disturbances, ulceration)
dosing starts higher and is gradually tapered to a lower dose - allows the adrenal gland to recover

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what is dexmethasone

steroid that is 8-10x more potent than prednisone - dose must be adjusted
PO tablets, solution and inj

what is Triamcinolone, trade name

Vetalog
long-acting (injection can last 3-4 weeks)
PO tabs, topical, injection

what is methylprednisolone, trade name

DepoMedrol
injection is long acting (4+ weeks)
PO tabs and injection

what are the 4 drugs in the class steroid

prednisone/prednisolone
dexamethasone
triamcinolone
methylprednisolone

Cyclosporine
what does it tx, trade name, side effects, pre-cautions

Atopica
approved for use in dogs and cats for tx of atopy
also an immunosuppressant - can tx autoimmune dz
side effects: increased risk of infection, vomiting, diarrhea, papilloma’s, gingival hyperplasia
monitor with bloodwork for cyclosporine levels q3-6month

Oclacitinib
trade name
how does it work
what does it tx
side effects

Apoquel
inhibits an enzyme (janus kinase) that is involved in the inflammatory pathway - blocks release of a chemical messenger in the pathway
reduces inflammation and itch in atopic dogs
side effects: V, diarrhea most common

Ilunocitinib
trade name
what does it do
what does it tx
side effects

inhibits an enzyme (janus kinase) that is involved in the inflammatory pathway - blocks release of a chemical messenger in the pathway
reduces inflammation and itch in atopic dogs
side effects: v and diarrhea

Lokivetmab
trade name
how does it work
side effects

Cytopoint
biological therapy - monoclonal antibody therapy - antibodies created in a lab are designed to target and neutralize a chemical messenger (cytokine) that is involved in sending itch signal to the brain
SQ injection q30d
dogs only
side effects: injection site pain, lethargy, hyperexcitability, urinary incontinence

what are the rules for diet trials for food allergies and what are the two types of diets

the pet can eat nothing but the diet for 8-12 weeks Novel Protein - venison ect Hydrolyzed Diet - protein molecules broken down so small immune system cannot recognize

Ivermectin why

antiparasitic, effective against most insects, mites, ticks, and nematodes (not tapeworms) - effective against some larval stages of HW parasite

Ivermectin side effects, contraindications

injection site discomfort, GI upset some dogs have a gene mutation (MDR-1 gene mutation) that causes them to be sensitive to this drug

what are the 5 types of drugs in the Isoxazoline class

all end in (-olaner) Afoxolaner Esafoxolaner Furalaner Sarolaner Lotilaner

what is the trade name for Afoxolaner

nexgard nexgard plus

what is the trade name for Esafoxolaner

nexgard combo

what is the trade name for Fualaner

bravecto bravecto plus

what is the trade name for sarolaner

simparica trio, revolution plus

what is the trade name for lotilaner

credelio, credelio quattro

what are the side effects of Isoxazoline class

neurologic are most significant, but are rare. Avoid in dogs/cats with seizures

Afoxolaner what does it tx and prevent how to administer what species

nexgard, nexgard plus tx and prevention of flea and tick infestation in dogs only nexgard plus has HW prevention and pyrantal (GI parasiticide) PO chew q30d

Esafoxolaner what does it tx and prevent how to administer what species

nexgard combo cats topical solution flea/tick, HW, tapeworms

Furalaner tx and prevention how to administer for cats and for dogs

bravecto tx and prevention of flea/tick PO chew q3month for dogs topical q2months for cats

Sarolaner tx and prevention how to administer

simparica trio tx and prevention of flea and tick infestation in dogs HW prevention and pyrantel for roundworm, hookworm PO chew q30d

Lotilaner tx and prevention how to administer

credelio - flea and tick in dogs and cats credelio quattro - HW and nematode prevention PO chew q30d

what is Nitenpyram trade name why side effects

Capstar starts killing fleas in 30 minutes, fast - acting, use when active flea infestation side effects: rare, pruritus', V, lethargy, decreased appetite

Permethrin and Pyrethrin products are toxic to who

toxic to cats