Pain physiology and assessment

Question 1

Hyperalgesia

Answer 1

Increased response to a stimulus that normally is painful

Question 2

Hypoalgesia

Answer 2

— Diminished response to a normally painful stimulus.

Question 3

Analgesia

Answer 3

Absence of pain in response to stimulation that normally is painful.

Question 4

Paresthesia

Answer 4

An abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked

Question 5

Allodynia

Answer 5

Allodynia — Pain resulting from a stimulus (such as light touch) that does not normally elicit pain.

Question 6

Adaptive

Answer 6

contributes to survival by protecting organism from injury and or promoting healing when injury has occurred

Question 7

Maladaptive

Answer 7

also called chronic pain, is a disease that represents pathologic functioning of the nervous system

Question 8

Nocioceptive Pain

Answer 8

Involve normal neural processing that occurs when free nerve ending are activated by tissue damage or inflammation.

Question 9

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 9

Abnormal processing of stimuli from the peripheral or central nervous system. Thought to serve no useful purpose.

Question 10

Cutaneous Pain

Answer 10

Superficial structures affected. Sharp, bright pain localized accurately
Papercut

Question 11

Somatic Pain

Answer 11

Deep body structures.
More diffuse than cutaneous
Periosteum, muscles, tendons, joints and blood vessels.
Sprained ankle

Question 12

Visceral Pain

Answer 12

Pain from an internal organ.
Can be referred: Perceived to originate from a distant area of the skin.
Viscera have few sensory fibers except pain.
Highly localized damage to an organ may have little pain, widespread may become severe.

Question 13

Phantom Pain

Answer 13

Phantom pain sensations are described as perceptions that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body. Or, when a ghost punches you.

Question 14

Nocioception

Answer 14

The reception of noxious information.

Question 15

Acute Pain

Answer 15

Eudynia
The normal physiologic response to an adverse chemical, thermal or mechanical stimulus. Associated with surgery, trauma, or acute illness.

Question 16

Endogenous analgesia

Answer 16

Enkephalin, dynorphin and B-endorphin inhibit Alpha-delta and C pain fibers.
Pain suppression in times of stress
Important in an emergency response.

Question 17

Threshold and Tolerance

Answer 17

Pain threshold is the point where a stimulus is perceived as painful.
Pain Tolerance is the maximum intensity or duration that a person is willing to endure before the person wants something done about it.

Question 18

Neospinothalamic tract

Answer 18

1. Fibers enter cord, travel up or down 1-3 segments, terminate on neurons in dorsal horn.
2. 2nd neuron crosses, and ascends in anterolateral column.
3. Neurons terminate in reticular substance or, (most) got to thalamus.
4. 3rd order neurons go to cortex.
   Senses fast, sharp pain

Question 19

Paleospinothalamic tract

Answer 19

1. Type C fibers terminate in laminae of spinal cord.
2. Give rise to 2nd order neurons which cross and pass to brain in anterolateral columns.
3. Some terminate in thalamus, most terminate diffusely.
4. Poor localization
   Senses slow, dull pain