Basal metabolic rate Flashcards
Metabolic rate
Energy expenditure per unit time
Calories/hour
Factors effecting metabolic rate
Exercise
food intake
Shivering
Anxiety
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The body’s idling speed
Factors effecting BMR
Food intake
Thyroid hormone
Activity level
Positive energy balance
When intake exceeds output - energy is stored as glycogen or fat
Negative energy balance
When output exceeds intake - energy stores are being depleted
Glycogenesis
Conversion of glucose to glycogen when the glucose in the blood exceeds demand
Glycogenolysis
The breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
The production of glucose, especially in the liver, from amino acids, fats, and proteins
Protein synthesis
The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and enzymes
Protein degradation
The splitting of proteins by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds with formation of smaller polypeptides
Fat synthesis
The creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthesis
Fat breakdown
The process in which fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites, in the end generating acetyl-CoA
Insulin
Beta cells in the pancreas
Facilitates glucose entry into cells
Promotes triglyceride
synthesis
Promotes uptake of AA by muscle and other tissues
Promotes protein synthesis
Contols of insulin secretion
Blood sugar
Blood amino acids
GI hormones
Parasympathetic activity
