Common labs Flashcards
Na
Blood sodium testing is used to detect abnormal concentrations of sodium.
Makes up 90% of the electrolyte fluid
Primary function in the body is to chemically maintain osmotic pressure and acid balance.
Hyponatremia/Hypernatremia
Normal Range 135-145 mEq/L
K
Potassium testing is used to detect abnormal concentrations of Potassium (K).
Plays an important role in nerve conduction, muscle function and acid-base balance.
Mostly in the intracellular fluid as compared to the extracellular fluid.
Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia
Normal range 3.7-5.2 mEq/L
Cl
Chloride testing determines abnormal concentrations of Chloride.
Blood electrolyte, Maintains cellular integrity through its influence on osmotic pressure and acid-base and water balance.
Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia
Normal range 96-105 mEq/L
C02
Amount of CO2 in circulation. which is essentially measuring your blood bicarbonate level.
95% of this molecule is bound in bicarbonate
Normal range 23-29 mEq/L
GLU
Measuring the blood glucose in your blood.
Formed by carbohydrate digestion.
Regulated by glucagon and insulin.
Levels greater than or equal to 126 may indicate diabetes.
Hypoglycemic/Hyperglycemic
Normal range 70-110 mg/dL
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen test
Forms in the liver and is the final product of protein metabolism.
Used as an index of glomerular filtration.
Normal range 7-20 mg/dL
Creat
Creatinine
Fairly specific and sensitive test for the evaluation of renal function.
Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body.
Normal range
Males: 0.7 - 1.3 mg/dL
Females: 0.6 - 1.1 mg/dL
Ca
Calcium testing is to determine the calcium concentration in the blood.
Mostly stored in the bones and teeth.
Participates in vital processes such as muscular contraction, cardiac function, transmission of nerve impulses and blood clotting.
50% of it is ionized and the rest is protein bound.
Hypercalcemia/hypocalcemia
Normal range 8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL
PT
Prothrombin Time - A test which measures the time it takes for plasma of your blood to clot.
Normal range 11 - 13.5 seconds
or and INR of 0.8 - 1.1
TP
Total Protein - Made up of albumin and globulin
Globulins are an important part of your immune system.
This test is often done to diagnose nutritional deficiencies (Marasmus, Kwashsiorkor), kidney disease or liver disease.
Normal range 6.0 - 8.3 g/dL
ALB
Albumin - Determines total albumin in circulation.
The most abundant plasma protein in the body.
Used for maintaining oncotic pressure and used as a carrier protein.
Albumin helps prevent fluid from leaking out of blood vessels.
Normal range 3.4 - 5.4 g/dL
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase
Liver enzyme also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT)
Found in high amounts in liver, heart, and muscle cells.
Usually a sign of liver disease if elevated
Normal range 10 - 34 IU/L (international units / liter)
ALT
Alanine Aminotransferase
Liver enzyme known as alanine aminotransferase or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)
Found in its highest concentration in the liver. An injury to the liver releases ALT
Increased levels of ALT often mean liver disease.
Normal range 10 - 40 IU/L
ALP
Alkaline phosphatase
An enzyme originating mainly in the bone, liver and placenta.
Used as an index of liver and bone disease.
Abnormal results can mean many things
High: Biliary obstruction, bone conditions, liver disease
Low: Malnutrition, protein dificiency
Normal range 44 - 147 IU/L
T.Bili
Total Bilirubin
Results from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the red blood cells and is a byproduct of hemolysis
High: cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver disease
Low: Biliary stricture, gallstones
Normal range 0.3 - 1.9 mg/dL
D.Bili
Direct Bilirubin
Normal range 0 - 0.3 mg/dL
Inor P
Not sure if this is correct
Phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood
Hyperphosphatemia/Hypophosphatemia
High: DKA, Kidney failure, liver disease
Low: Alcoholism, hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism
Normal range 2.4 - 4.1 mg/dL
Sedimentation Rate
The sedimentation rate blood test measures how quickly red blood cells settle in a test tube.
High: rheumatoid diseases, autoimmune diseases, chronic kidney disease
Low: Sickle cell, polycythemia, severe liver disease.
Normal range
Male: 0-15 mm/hr
Female: 0-20 mm/hr
Basic Metabolic Panel
Na, K, Cl, CO2, GLU, BUN, Creat, Ca
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
Na, K, Cl, CO2, GLU, BUN, Creat, Ca, TP, ALB, AST, ALT, ALP, T.Bili
Adds to BMP: TP, ALB, AST, ALT, ALP, T.Bili
Liver Function Panel
ALB, AST, ALT, ALP, T.Bili, D.Bili
Renal Function Panel
Na, K, Cl, CO2, GLU, BUN, Creat, Ca, ALB, Inor P
Adds to BMP: ALB, Inor P
Electrolyte Panel
Na, K, Cl, CO2
WBC
Total number of all white blood cells in the sample
Diff. WBC
Percentage of the different types of white blood cells
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
RBC
Total red blood cell count
Diff. RBC
Hemoglobin
Reticulocytes
Red blood cell indices
Red blood cell indices
MCH
MCV
MCHC
RDW
MCH
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Average amount of oxygen carrying hemoglobin
MCV
Mean corpuscular volume
Average size
MCHC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
Average percentage of hemoglobin inside the RBC
RDW
Red cell distribution width
Variation in size of RBCs
Mg
Found in the blood, cartilage, and within the cell itself
Regulates neuromuscular irritability
Deficiency of Mg can lead to decreased bone mineral density by causing Ca to drift out of the bones
