Pain management Flashcards
1
Q
what is acute pain?
A
- sudden
- onset
- slow but longer lasting
- less then 6 months
2
Q
what is chronic pain?
A
- onset, slow but long lasting
- more than 6 months
3
Q
what is nociceptive pain? what are the two corresponding types?
A
- most common type of pai, signals there’s tissue trauma
- somatic = bone pain, muscle pain, skin pain
- visceral = internal organs
4
Q
what is somatic nociceptive pain?
A
- bone pain, skin pain, muscle pain
5
Q
what is visceral nociceptive pain?
A
- internal or internal organ pain
6
Q
what is neuropathic pain?
A
- nerve pain and is seen most with chronic pain
7
Q
what is cancer pain?
A
- pain associated with cancer, bone pain, treatment pain, hard to manage
8
Q
what is a pain threshold?
A
- specific to the patient & how they receive pain, subjective bc some pt have higher tolerance than others
9
Q
what is pain tolerance
A
- how much pain that pt is willing to accept
10
Q
what are subjective factors of pain?
A
- pain scale or report of pain
- have pt give detail about the pain (where it is, how much, ect)
11
Q
what are the objective factors of pain?
A
- physical symptoms of pain
- crying, sweating, restlessness, grimacing, guarding the pain
12
Q
what does PQRST mean?
A
- its a pain assessment
- P = precipitating cause of pain
- Q = quality
- R = region
- S = severity
- T = timing
13
Q
what is the FLACC pain scale?
A
- face on a scale of 0 to 2
- legs on a scale of 0 to 2
- activity on a scale of 0 to 2
- cry on a scale of 0 to 2
- concealability on a scale of 0 to 2
- add number up at the end and that means their pain number
14
Q
what is the face scale and what population is it for?
A
- kids mostly
- depending on what the face point to = how much pain their
15
Q
what factors influence pain?
A
- history (maybe an accident happened and have had bad chronic pain since)
- trauma
- medications (some med can decrease HR for example)
- vital signs
- ethnic and cultural values = some culture’s view pain strong and some view pain as weaker
- developmental stage: some older folks get worries that they have pain so they don’t want to stress themselves out by speaking up
- language barrier = get an interpreter and objective signs
16
Q
what is nonpharmacological pain management?
A
- not drugs to treat pain
- positioning
- cutaneous stimulation (messuage, ice pack or heading pad stimulation, acupuncture)
- cognitive strategies (distracting, relaxing, music therapy, satisfying video, pet therapy)
- therapeutic touch = message in pain area
17
Q
what are examples of pharmacological pain management?
A
- opioids = repress pain receptors in the brain
- patient controlled analgesia (PCA) =
- non opioids = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications ex: ibuprofen, decrease inflammation
- adjuvant analgesics
- medical MJ = helps with pain but if we test positive for it we cant go to clinical
18
Q
what is patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
A
- patient pushes button on machine when pt has pain that administers pain meds
- the pt does not get endless amounts of pain meds, they can only get so much on one time period (med is locked for safety)
19
Q
what are adjuvant analgesics
A
- work at the same time with other medications to decrease pain
- not the primary pain reliver
- ex: antidepressants to help with depression and pain
19
Q
what are the main nursing implications?
A
- safety = monitor pt closely, vitals, ect
- range orders = med orders that range (very important)
- education = educate pt on whatever they are being seen for, med side effects, ect
- evaluate the effectiveness of pain interventions = go back and see how much pain they’re in (follow up assessment)
20
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20
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