cardiac assessment for exam 2

Question 1

define perfusion

Answer 1

• flow of blood to the tissues

Question 2

what is central perfusion?

Answer 2

• cardiac output

Question 3

what is tissue purfusion?

Answer 3

• blood getting to the arteries and capillaries

Question 4

when getting a health history for cardiac assessment, what questions should we ask?

Answer 4

• Present health history = big on chest pain
• Family health (genetic history, age of their diseases if so)
• Chronic conditions (not just heart related)
• Allergies & signs they experience
• Cardiac past history
• Physical activity
• Position of sleep, pt will have chest pain when they lay flat
• Childhood illnesses (rheumatic fever in specific, may have valve issues today)

Question 5

what are non modifiable cardiac risk factors?

Answer 5

• race, genes, age, gender @ birth
• men are most at risk for cardiovascular disease, transgender pt have even higher rate

Question 6

during a physical assessment for cardiac assessment what are nurses palpitating?

Answer 6

• palpate temporal and carotid pluses for amplitude
• check pulses for perfusion

Question 7

why do we need to inspect the jugular vein?

Answer 7

• to make sure it’s not popping out (JVD) = heart failure
• or to make sure it’s not flat neck

Question 8

in an depth palpitation assessment, what needs to be palpated?

Answer 8

• Pulses for amplitude, necessary bc its for circulation, if we can’t assess the pt may not have perfusion
• Rate = tachycardia, bradycardia, asystole (no rate)
• Rhythm = regular or irregular
• Pulse bounding = 1 to 3+
• skin temp
• cap refill

Question 9

define tachycardia?

Answer 9

• fast heart rate

Question 10

define bradycardia?

Answer 10

• low hr

Question 11

define of asystole

Answer 11

• no rate

Question 12

what is s1?

Answer 12

• begging of systole
• closure of the atrioventricular valves
• “lub”
• typically, louder than s 2

Question 13

what is S 2

Answer 13

• begging of diastole
• “dub”
• closure of the artioventricular valves

Question 14

when auscultating the heart what pattern should nurses go in?

Answer 14

1. Start at the first intercostal on the RIGHT side, that’s where the aortic valve is
2. P = pulmonary (left side, second intercostal space)
3. Erbs, point = E third intercostal space
4. Tricuspid = to = 4th intercostal
5. Mitral = man = 5th intercostal space

think APE TO MAN

Question 15

what does a heart murmur indicate?

Answer 15

• turbulent flow and an extra S sound
• will cause S 3 and maybe S 4 (may sound like Kentucky, or Tennessee