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Su: Phys 2 > Pain and Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Pain and Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

afferent nerves

A

sensory INPUT to CNS

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2
Q

afferent nerve types

A

A-beta
A-delta
C fibers

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3
Q

A-beta conduction speed

A

FAST
30-70m/s

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4
Q

A-beta size

A

large diameter

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5
Q

A-beta myelinated?

A

myelinated

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6
Q

A-beta action potential

A

mechanoreceptors

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7
Q

A-beta NT

A

glutamate

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8
Q

A-delta conduction speed

A

moderate
2-10 m/s

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9
Q

A-delta size

A

thin

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10
Q

A-delta myelinated?

A

yes - myelinated

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11
Q

A-delta action potential

A

mechanoreceptors
nociceptors
- extreme temps
- fast pain

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12
Q

A-delta NT

A

glutamate

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13
Q

C fibers speeds

A

SLOW
1 m/s

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14
Q

C fiber size

A

thin

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15
Q

C fiber myelinated?

A

unmyelinated

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16
Q

C fiber action potentials

A

mechanoreceptor
nociceptor

touch
slow pain
moderate temps

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17
Q

C fiber NT

A

substance P
glutamate

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18
Q

type of mechanoreceptros

A

hair follicles
meissner corpuscle
pacinian corpuscle
merkel cell
ruffinni corpuscle
C-Fiber LTM
mechanoreceptor polymodal

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19
Q

hair follicle stimulus

A

light brush

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20
Q

hair follicle fiberts

A

G-hair: A-beta
D-hair: A-delta

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21
Q

hair follicle adaption/threshold

A

RA
LT

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22
Q

hair follicle receptive fields

A

close together

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23
Q

meissner corpuscle stimulus

A

dynamic deformation
braille
detecting slipping object

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24
Q

meissner corpuscle fiber

A

A-beta on top of dermis

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25
Q

meissner corpuscle adaption/thershold

A

RA
LT

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26
Q

meissner corpuscle receptor field

A

spread out

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27
Q

pacinic corpuscle stimuls

A

vibration
tapping

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28
Q

pacinian corpuscle fiber

A

A-beta
base of dermis

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29
Q

pacinian corpuscle adaption/threshold

A

RA
LT

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30
Q

pacinian corpuscle receptor field

A

large

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31
Q

merkel cell stimulus

A

indentation depth
continuous touch
fine tactile

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32
Q

merkel cell fiber

A

A-beta

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33
Q

merkel cell adaption/threshold

A

SA
LT

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34
Q

rufini corpuscle stimulus

A

stretch

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35
Q

rufini corpuscle fiber

A

A-beta
middle of dermis

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36
Q

rufini corpuscle adaption/thershold

A

SA
LT

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37
Q

C-fiber LTM stimulus

A

touch

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38
Q

C-fiber location

A

C-fiber
epidermal layer

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39
Q

C-fiber adaption/threshold

A

SA
LT

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40
Q

mechanonocicpetor polymodal stimulsu

A

injurous forces
pain
temp

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41
Q

mechanonociceptor fibers

A

C fiber
A-delta

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42
Q

mechanonociceptor adaption/threshold

A

SA
HT

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43
Q

ascending for touch and pressure

A

dorsal column system (DCS)

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44
Q

touch and pressure cross over location

A

medulla (lower brain center)

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45
Q

touch/pressure fibers

A

A-beta
large
myelinated

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46
Q

touch/pressure spatial fidelity

A

high spatial fidelity

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47
Q

high spatial fidelity

A

no loss of information during transmission

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48
Q

ascending for pain/temp/light crude touch

A

anterorlateral system
- spinalthalmict tract (STT)

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49
Q

pain/temp/crude touch crosses over location

A

spinal cord

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50
Q

pain/temp/crude touch fibers

A

A-delta
- small myelinated
C-fiber
- unmyelinated

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51
Q

pain/temp/crude touch spatial fidelity

A

low spatial fidelity

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52
Q

low spatial fidelity

A

more loss to regions below thalamus during transmission

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53
Q

somatosensory control

A

postcentral gyrus

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54
Q

lateral somatosensory

A

oral
throat
abdomen

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55
Q

lateral superior somatosensory

A

hands
arms
eyes
nose

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56
Q

medial somatosensory

A

head
neck
legs
genitals

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57
Q

motor control

A

precentral gyrus

58
Q

nociceptor fiber types

A

C fibers
A-delta

59
Q

nociceptor characteristics (5)

A

wide distribution
free nerve endings
high threshold
– hard to stimulate
specific to pain
do not adapt to stimulation

60
Q

pain is proportional to

A

pain ~ tissue damage

61
Q

what enhances pain

A

incr prostaglandins
incr substance P

62
Q

substance P effects

A

incr vessel permeability
incr inflammation
incr pain sensitivity
incr histamine release

63
Q

what induces pain

A

incr bradykinin
incr serotonin
incr histamine
incr K+
incr NGF

64
Q

initial pain speed/finber

A

FAST
A-delta

65
Q

pain after 1 second

A

SLOW
C fiber

66
Q

TRPV1

A

Na+ IN
Ca2+ IN

depolarize
incr AP
incr PAIN

67
Q

TTX- resistant VG Na+ channels

A

Na+ IN
depoalrize
incr AP
incr Pain

68
Q

what activates TRPV1

A

bradykinin
Sub P
NGF

69
Q

what activates TTX-resistant Vg Na+

A

PGE2

70
Q

what inhibits PGE2

A

corticosteroids
NSAIDS

71
Q

Fast pain fiber

A

A-delta
myelinated

72
Q

fast pain NT

A

glutamate

73
Q

fast pain duration

A

0.1 s

74
Q

fast pain characteristic

A

sharp
localized
surface

75
Q

fast pain tract

A

neospinothalamic tract

76
Q

slow pain fibers

A

C fibers
unmyelinated

77
Q

slow pain NT

A

Sub P

78
Q

slow pain time

A

1s

79
Q

slow pain characteristic

A

dull/throbbing
poor localization
deep tissue

80
Q

slow pain tract

A

paleospinal tract

81
Q

physiological pain is

A

Acute

82
Q

when does physiological pain stop

A

once stimuli stops

83
Q

what is relexive avoidance

A

helps decr tissue injury

84
Q

is physiological pain responsive to treatment?

A

yes

85
Q

pathological pain is

A

chronic

86
Q

when does pathological pain stope

A

it does not stop when stimuli is removed

87
Q

is pathalogical pain responsive to treatment

A

no

88
Q

CNS reorganizes in what type of pain

A

pathalogical pain

89
Q

CNS reorganization causes

A

hyperalgesia

90
Q

dermatomes

A

ares of skin supplied by sensory neurons

91
Q

dermatome sensory neurons arise from

A

spinal nerve ganglion in dorsal horn

92
Q

tissue trauma analgesic

A

local anesthetic
antiinflammatory drugs

93
Q

peripheral analgesia

A

local
opioids
alpha 2 adrenergics

94
Q

brain analgesia

A

opioids
alpha 2 adrenergics

95
Q

which is better for analgesia: corticosteroids or NSAIDs

A

corticosteroids

96
Q

why?

A

coricosteroids decr immune response

97
Q

corticosteroids inhibit

A

phospholipase A
arachadonic acid formation

98
Q

NSAIDs inhibit

A

COX2
PGE formation
thromboxane formation

99
Q

what neurons release endogenous NT

A

enkephalins
dynorphins

100
Q

endogenous opiods work on what receptors

A

presynaptic opioid R
postsynaptic opioid R

101
Q

what NTs do opioids inhibit

A

all of them

102
Q

peripheral MuOR

A

decr CAMP
incr K+ OUT
decr Ca2+ IN
hyperpolarization
decr peripheral AP

103
Q

distal MuOR

A

decr Ca2+ IN
decr NT release

104
Q

postsynaptic MuOR

A

same as peripheral MuOR

105
Q

Alpha 2 agonist binds

A

presynaptic alpha 2

106
Q

blocking alpha 2 causes

A

decr Ca2+ IN
decr NT release

107
Q

NMDA are located

A

postsynaptic

108
Q

glutamate binding NMDA causes

A

Ca2+ IN
Na+ IN
depolarization
incr AP

109
Q

what blocks NMDA

A

ketamine
Mg

110
Q

what enhances NMDA

A

Sub P

111
Q

what is the bodies thermostat

A

hypothalamus

112
Q

hypothalamus monitors

A

heat produced vs heat lost

113
Q

afferent thermal input fibers

A

A-delta
C fibers

114
Q

are pyrogens afferent or efferent

A

afferent

115
Q

pyrogens

A

change the hypothalmic set point

116
Q

efferent outputs

A

temp
metabolism

117
Q

temp control

A

arterioles
sweat glands

118
Q

metabolic control

A

sk muscle (Shivering)
thyroid

119
Q

increased set point

A

chills
vasoconstrict
piloerection
incr epi release
incr shivering
- incr HEAT
—incr body temp

120
Q

decreased set point

A

sweating
vasodilation
incr evaporative cooling
incr radiation

121
Q

shivering causes

A

incr CO2
incr H2O
incr heat

122
Q

body response to low environmental temp

A

vasoconstriction
NE
Epi

123
Q

body response to high environmental temp

A

vasodilation
Ach

124
Q

radiation

A

60%

125
Q

evaporation

A

22%

126
Q

convection

A

15%

127
Q

conduction

A

3%

128
Q

how do you release heat if environment is greater than body temp?

A

evaporative cooling

129
Q

sweating nerves

A

cholinergic sympathetic

130
Q

sweat NT

A

Ach binds MR

131
Q

sweat is a _____ volume

A

hypotonic
- reabs Na+/Cl-
- secrete H2O

132
Q

atropine fever

A

atropine blocks MR on sweat gland

decr sweat production
decr evaporative cooling
incr body temp

133
Q

increased body temp causes

A

incr firing
incr AP
incr sympa
vasodilation
== incr radiation
incr sweat gland activity
== incr evaporation

DECR body temp

134
Q

decreased body temp causes

A

decr firing
decr AP
decr sympa
vasoconstiction
== decr radiation
shivering
== incr CO2/H2O/heat

INCR body temp

135
Q

anesthesia causes

A

hypothermia

136
Q

anesthetic hypothermia: phase 1

A

redistribution via peripheral vasodilation

137
Q

phase 1 temp change

A

decr 1-2 deg C in 1st hr

138
Q

phase 1 mechanism

A

increased radiation

139
Q

phase 2 temp change

A

linear decrease over next 3 hrs

heat loss» heat production

140
Q

phase 2 mechanism

A

decreased resting metabolic rate
decreased heat production

141
Q

phase 3

A

homeostasis after 3-5 hrs of anesthesia

heat loss = heat production

Su: Phys 2 (12 decks)

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